Project Management And How Project Managers Deal With...

There have been numerous studies conducted in regards to the impact of impossible deadlines, and stakeholder engagement, but there were limited studies done on resource deprivation. The results of these studies vary in regards to the exact impact these things have on a successful project. The following literature reviews contains some of the studies I examined in order to address the problems between project management and how project managers’ deal with managing expectations. In 2013, Cioloca, Cecilia; Georgescu, Mihai; Curteanu, Mihai, published a scholarly journal Academy of Economic Studies, in which he examined the downfall and requirements of software projects. The key elements of any project relates to the cost of the project, scheduling, quality assurance and project goals. When organizations have poor project managers in place it increases the failure rate of that project. All projects have risk associated with them, so it is important to review the requirements. The four risks linked to projects are requirements related, cost related risks, schedule related risks, and quality related risks (Cioloca; Georgescu; Curteanu, 2013). As a result, in order to address any risks that appear during a software development, risk management has to be in place. In 2000, Eden, C; Williams, T; Ackermann, F; Howick, S, published a scholarly journal on The Journal of the Operational Research Society. The article addresses disruptions and delays andShow MoreRelatedProject Management And How Project Managers Deal With Managing Expectations Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagesto address the problems between project management and how project managers’ deal with managing expectations. Three of the many problems that project managers deal with while managing expectations are lack of stakeholder engagement, impossible deadlines, and resource deprivation. The project manager should be a leader who is able to organize, plan a successful project with specific goals, m otivate, and demand maximum results. As a project manager, your expectations must be clearly defined and theRead MoreThe Importance Of A Project Manager On A Construction Site1052 Words   |  5 PagesPart 1. Investigation A project is one which has a start and end to it but for a project to start there is lot of planning is done much before the actual project is started, the project manager is the one who has everything on his shoulders from start to end and even after the end if further assistance is required to the client. There are basically ten things that a project manager on a construction site has to take care of, planning the work, hiring and firing of employers, supervising the workRead MoreStakeholder Management Plan For Managing Stakeholder1289 Words   |  6 Pages 1. MANAGING STAKEHOLDER EXPECTATIONS 1.1. DEFINITION OF A STAKEHOLDER Before we go in depth into managing stakeholder expectations, we need to know what exactly a stakeholder means in terms of project management. Project stakeholders are individuals and organizations that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be affected as a result of project execution or project completion. They may also exert influence over the project s objectives and outcomes. 1.2. STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENTRead MoreStakeholder Management Plan For A Stakeholder1375 Words   |  6 Pages Table of Contents 1. MANAGING STAKEHOLDER EXPECTATIONS 2 1.1. DEFINITION OF A STAKEHOLDER 2 1.2. STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2 1.2.1. IDENTIFY STAKEHOLDERS 2 1.2.2. ANALYZE STAKEHOLDERS 4 1.2.3. PRIORITIZE STAKEHOLDERS 5 1.2.4. ENGAGE STAKEHOLDERS 6 1.3. TIPS TO MANAGE STAKEHOLDER EXPECTATION 7 1.4. CONCLUSION 8 1.5. REFERENCES 8 1. MANAGING STAKEHOLDER EXPECTATIONS 1.1. DEFINITION OF A STAKEHOLDER Before we go in depth into managing stakeholder expectations, we need to know what exactlyRead MoreManaging Your Boss846 Words   |  4 Pages ID :- apatil4 Case 2 (Managing Your Boss) 1) List the issues and their importance to Project Management, why are they. 2) Are these points only applicable to your relationship with your boss? If so, why and if not, in what other scenario would these be applicable and why? Ans 1) Managing your boss or the relationship is an important part to the Project Management. If you are a Project Manager, then there are many issues to be taken care of in case of â€Å"Managing Your Boss†. Here are few issues:a)Read MoreCommunication And Collaboration ( Chinyio And Akintoye 2008 )1542 Words   |  7 Pages4.3.1 Communication and collaboration (Chinyio and Akintoye 2008) The participants were asked a variety of questions about stakeholder management and engagement. All participants indicated that communication is the best means of engaging with stakeholders and managing their expectations. The company uses different means of communication to different stakeholders. For example, with internal stakeholder’s emails, phone and face to face communication is often used. However participants highlighted thatRead MoreStakeholder Management : A Common View1738 Words   |  7 Pagesparticular project by adding whatever identified approach that apply to the project. 4.4 Stakeholder management challenges Stakeholder management is not without challenges. Effective management of stakeholders faces a number of difficulties as identified by the participants to the study despite the standards and available frameworks for managing and engaging with stakeholders. In an ideal world, these standards would work perfectly without any flaws but the world is not ideal at least the project managementRead MoreProject Management : A Successful Project Manager885 Words   |  4 Pages1. Successful project managers possesses the following characteristics: They are visionary with a clear objective, they communicate with their team about their objectives, how to achieve and distributing the responsibilities. Thereby, making a feasible road map to achieve the objective. They are structured; work on proper alignment, creating a feasible and workable environment with clear objective, motive and proper direction. Making plan layout and action plans and executing as per the plan properlyRead MoreProject Cost Management1667 Words   |  7 Pages|MBA 513 – Project Cost Management | |Project Manager: Manager or Leader? | |How the collaboration of management and leadership skills makes a great Project Manager. | | Ednaline Concepcion | |12/12/2009 Read MoreStrategic Plan Analysis: Automation Consulting Services1037 Words   |  5 PagesServices (ACS) are meeting in the weekend, as they have done twice a year for the past six years, to discuss how business is going and to plan the future. ACS has four offices, one in Boston, one in Philadelphia, one in Detroit and one in San Jose. Before the three founding partners met they visited all four offices and discussed the situation at each office with the partners and managers at each office. During Saturday and Sunday they discuss their concerns and ideas they came across while visiting

Medea Essay - 1654 Words

Susan Smith murdered her own two children in 1994. Kathleen Folbigg killed her only child in 1998. Caro Socorro killed her three children in 1999. And in 431 B.C. the fictional character, Medea, murderedmurdured her own two sons. When hearing about these extreme atrocities we are repulsed. What sane mother could murder her own children? But thats just the point isnt it, no sane mother would kill her own young. No, each of these women had underlying psychological issues that led to them committing these unnatural, morally wrong acts. Susan was rejected by her lover, Kathleens father had brutally murdered her mother, Caro was a victim of a failed marital relationship, whilst in Euripides play, Medea was not only rejected and a victim of a†¦show more content†¦The shocking addition of having a mother slaughter her own children makes a dark story even darker, it deepens the revenge and shocks the moral of the audience. Euripides manipulates the audience through traditional Greek play techniques to increase the intensity of the revenge, by playing with our thoughts and inviting his audience to question the way their society lives. Through the Chorus of Corinthian women Euripides directs the audiences view of Medea. Throughout the play the Chorus voices their opinion, influencing the audience to their point. Originally the Chorus celebrates Medeas desire for revenge, chanting â€Å"To punish Jason will be just† (line 267, p. 25), the audience agrees with the Chorus, Jason should be punished. Once the Chorus become aware of her intentions they turn against her, attempting to make her see reason and in the final ode they condemn her while acknowledging that her actions are the manifestation of a greater power and thereby re enforce Euripides tragic theme. The Choruss 5 stasimons and short interventions during the play direct the audiences thoughts and opinions. As a tragic heroine Medea is a creation unique to Euripides, the psychological study of a wom an entirely consumed by love and hate. He reminds us that her love for Jason resulted in the betrayal of her father, the murder of her brother and the murder of Pelias. Rejected, mocked and betrayed, her pride and hatred of Jason cause the destructionShow MoreRelatedMedea1328 Words   |  6 Pages Is Medea Justified In Her Actions? Is the killing of anyone ever justified? Is the life of one individual more important than another? In Euripides, Medea, Medea kills the princess of Corinth, the king of Corinth, Creon, as well as her own children. Are her actions the actions of an insane, distraught person or those of wise, foreign, barbaric woman trying to protect her children? Through the story of Medea, Medea justifies the killing of others while several other characters portray theRead MoreAnalysis Of Medea813 Words   |  4 Pagesfear. The Greek play, Medea, illustrates this idea of the plight of the foreigner, through the native Greek characters’ treatment of Medea, who is an outsider. Medea faces scorn and opposition, and yet she is both thought to be unintelligent, and horrifying at the same time. Medea’s interaction with the Greek characters reveals their own belief of their superiority as well as their unwavering faith in the barbarian manner of the outsiders. In Act I, Creon comes to inform Medea of her exile. At firstRead MoreThe Tragedy of Medea677 Words   |  3 PagesMedea is a tragic Greek story opening up with a crisis. Medea is a widow in an emotional wreck. There is a reason why she is like this but there is always more to it than meets the eye. So what is the meaning of this play why does she act this way? All the sources seem to think that the Gods made her do it and her love passion. In the Medea play it starts with her having a crisis. Her husband Jason has divorced her and remarried. She is raising her two sons alone now. The nurse and tutor areRead MoreEssay on The Evil Character Medea in Euripides Medea585 Words   |  3 PagesThe Evil Character Medea in Euripides Medea Euripides created a two-headed character in this classical tragedy. Medea begins her marriage as the ideal loving wife who sacrificed much for her husbands safety. At the peak of the reading, she becomes a murderous villain that demands respect and even some sympathy. By the end, the husband and wife are left devoid of love and purpose as the tragedy closes. In Medea, a woman betrays her homeland because of her love for a man. Jason is the husbandRead MoreThemes of Medea1751 Words   |  8 Pages2011 Medea Video Project Analysis The â€Å"Medean† Hillbillies Euripides’ Medea is classified an ancient Greek tragedy. However, this story is much more than a tragedy. The story of Medea is one that definitely grabs the reader’s attention through both its text and its themes. The themes that the story of Medea presents are very practical and still continue to exist in humanity today. The three largest and most obvious themes that a reader is most likely to find and relate to while reading Medea areRead MorePassions In Medea1295 Words   |  6 Pagesthan they do in the modern age. Passion in the ancient world tended to have a negative connotation. Often, ancient passions led to sins or unhappiness. In Greek mythology, divine beings could not control their passions as Euripides wrote about in Medea. However, Buddhists see passions as undesirable, and they take steps to suppress their passions to achieve enlightenment. Christianity instructs followers to control their passions, however they do not restrict them to the extent that B uddhists doRead MoreMedea, By Euripides The Catcher Of The Myth Of Jason And Medea1176 Words   |  5 PagesPlaywright, Euripides, composes the tragedy, Medea, on the bases of the myth of Jason and Medea in around 400 BC. Medea portrays the position of women within that time period in Greek culture. The Greeks did not see women as equal citizens within the time period of Medea’s composition. The Greek culture considered women as submissive servants, whom did not have a place in politics. Women in that period of history were greatly dependent of their husbands. The author, Euripides, capitalizes on thisRead MoreComparing Medea And Seneca s Medea1784 Words   |  8 PagesMedea is a popular and influential play which has been revitalized by many authors on their versions of the story; telling the story of Medea who s seeking revenge against her husband Jason. In this essay I will be discussing the ways in which Seneca s Medea responds to the original by Euripides. Exploring k ey themes such as emotion, exile, revenge and the roles of the characters and chorus between both of these plays. I will also be making a connection with this historically by analyzing theRead MoreJason Medea897 Words   |  4 PagesHow do Jason s feelings at the end of the play differ from those revealed in other encounters? In their first encounter, Jason appears to be trying to make himself feel as if he is better than Medea, and as if he is the bigger person than she, â€Å"You no doubt hate me: but I could never bear ill-will to you† implies that he is a better person for helping her even though she hates him – and that even after all that s happened and all she has said he still â€Å"could never bear ill-will†. He continuesRead More Medea Essay2057 Words   |  9 Pages Title of work- Medeanbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Country/Culture- Greeknbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Literary Period- Classicalnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nb

Prevention For Opioid Drug Abuse Example For Students

Prevention For Opioid Drug Abuse On April 2, Kathleen Errico of Haverhill woke up at 3:45a.m. To find that her 23-year-old daughter, Kelsey Endicott, had lost her life due to a heroin overdose. Kelsey leaves behind her family and a son, whose second birthday is soon approaching. Ms. Errico shares that her daughter, â€Å"turned to drugs to make her feel normal,† and that Kelsey wasn’t aware of how heroin, â€Å"would devastate her family and tear it apart, how it would take her job and leave her penniless, or how it would steal her son from her arms.† Kelsey’s son now lives with Ms. Errico (MacQuarrie and Farragher). Unfortunately, cases such as Kelsey’s are becoming increasingly common in Massachusetts, calling for a much-needed resolution to the opioid epidemic. Drugs contributing to the opioid epidemic include heroin as well as prescription painkillers such as morphine, hydrocodone, codeine, oxycodone, and fentanyl (â€Å"Opioid Addiction†). In Massachusetts, the number of opioid-related hospital visits has roughly doubled from 2007 to 2014, with 31,000 visits in 2007 rising to a staggering 57,000 visits in 2014 (Freyer). A notable increase can also be seen in the number of opioid-related fatalities in the state. The year 2000 ended with a total of 338 unintentional fatal opioid overdoses in Massachusetts (â€Å"United States†). The number of opioid-related deaths has continued to rise each year with 561 fatalities in 2008, 603 fatalities in 2011, 668 fatalities in 2012, 911 fatalities in 2013, and 1,099 fatalities in 2014 (â€Å"United States†). This data represents a 21% increase in the number of unintentional fatal opioid overdoses from the year 2013 to 2014, and a 65% increase from 2012 to 2014 (â€Å"United States †). The increase in the number of opioid-related deaths in recent years has also shown to be more prevalent in certain areas of the state. Freyer shares, â€Å"The Berkshires, Southeastern Massachusetts, and the Lawrence-Lowell area have the highest concentrations of residents who visited the hospital with opioid-related problems.† All age groups are affected by opioid abuse and it has been found that those earning less that $50,000 a year are more apt to be affected (Freyer). The amount of opioid medications prescribed as well as the immense availability of heroin is driving this epidemic. Opioid painkillers prescribed by physicians have shown to contribute to the opioid epidemic. While opioids were once only regularly prescribed to patients battling cancer and other terminal illnesses, there has been an increase in use of opioids to treat musculoskeletal problems, sciatica, and low-back pain (Friedman). With a rise in the number of conditions using painkillers to combat pain, more and more opioid prescriptions are being distributed to patients. In fact, the medical use of opioids has multiplied by ten in the past twenty years, with about half of all prescriptions prescribed by pain specialists now being opioid pain relievers (Friedman). Addiction to these medications has become increasingly more common due in part to the immense amount of opioids that are in circulation throughout the public. In the United States, an estimated 259 million opioid prescriptions were written in 2012, which would allow every American adult a separate bottle of medication (â€Å"Opioid Ad diction†). Along with the massive amount of opioid prescriptions that are being prescribed, the abundant availability of heroin is driving this epidemic. Heroin is both easily obtained and is inexpensive (Freyer). When the supply of an opioid painkiller is cut short, heroin can become a cheaper alternative for someone struggling with opioid addiction. Both the availability of heroin and the amount of opioid painkillers being distributed can be to blame for driving this epidemic. As seen in the number of opioid-related deaths in recent years, more and more families are now being affected by opioid abuse. Families are being torn apart while individuals are losing their lives to opioid overdoses. Studies have shown that those who are addicted to opioids live approximately fifteen years less than people who are not addicted to the painkillers (â€Å"Findings of Opioid Task Force†). In addition to this, individuals addicted to opioids are at a higher risk for developing liver disease, HIV infection, and Hepatitis C (â€Å"Findings of Opioid Task Force†). Effects of opioid abuse have also been observed to affect children. Freyer shares that in Massachusetts, â€Å"The rate of babies born dependent on opioids increased more than fivefold from 2004 to 2013, and in 2009 was 3 times the national average.† These numbers will continue to rise if steps are not taken to try and prevent the progression of this epidemic. Is Marijuana A Solution For The Opioid Epidemic?The impact of mass media campaigns has also been observed in Australia. A study in Australia assessed the effectiveness of the media campaign â€Å"SunSmart† in regard to the prevention of skin cancer (Wakefield, Loken, and Hornik). The company encourages and promotes the wearing of protective clothing, the use of sunscreen, and the avoidance of direct sunlight during high ultraviolet periods (Wakefield, Loken, and Hornik). Various forms of advertising were used throughout the campaign. The fifteen-year study found that there was a reduction in the prevalence of melanoma in the areas exposed to the campaign, especially among young individuals (Wakefield, Loken, and Hornik). This fifteen-year study in Australia displays the great influence that media campaigns are capable of. While mass media campaigns have proven to be effective in producing positive changes in society, some people would argue that they take years to produce any significant change. Although media campaigns can in fact take time to result in substantial change, the overall effect that a mass media campaign would have on the opioid epidemic would be worthwhile. With the continued efforts of various treatment facilities for opioid abuse in Massachusetts, the use of media campaigning would function to educate the public on the dangers of opioid misuse and would consequently reduce the negative effects that opioid abuse has on society. One alternative solution to preventing opioid abuse in Massachusetts is limiting the amount of opioid painkillers prescribed to patients. Recently, an opioid bill has been passed in Massachusetts that aims to prevent the misuse of opioid painkillers. This bill limits a seven-day supply of medication for initial opioid prescriptions in the state (Miller). By doing so, the bill would help decrease the number of opioid painkillers in circulation throughout the public. A decrease in availability of opioids would help to prevent the start of opioid abuse among individuals. Although the bill could reduce the start of opioid abuse, it would not prevent those who are already addicted to opioids from seeking more medication. Individuals that are already addicted to opioids may turn to heroin when supplies of other opioid painkillers are cut short. A mass media campaign would better serve in preventing opioid abuse, as it would target those already affected by opioid abuse, those at risk for b eing affected, and the general public.

Pearl Harbor A Date of Infamy an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Pearl Harbor: A Date of Infamy Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with the government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleagues delivered to the Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. While this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or armed attack. On December 7, 1941, a date of infamy according to FDR, the Japanese launched an attack on the U.S. naval base in Pearl Harbor on Hawaiis island of Oahu. The attack destroyed 18 ships and almost 200 planes and caused about 3,700 American casualties. The attack was a complete surprise to the U.S. government, but some historians, especially revisionists, believe that: Need essay sample on "Pearl Harbor: A Date of Infamy" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed FDR intentionally lured the Japanese into attacking the U.S. by provoking them He knew that the target was Pearl Harbor President Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to enter the war in Europe, but the problem was the mood of the country. These anti-war views were shared by 80 percent of the American public from 1940 to 1941. Though Germany had occupied most of Europe, Americans did not want to get involved with Europes War. Revisionists argue Roosevelt was convinced that luring Japan into an attack on the U.S. was the sole choice he had in 1941 to overcome the powerful non-interventionist movement led by aviation hero Charles Lindbergh. Furthermore, some revisionists believe that Japans military plans were obtained in advance by the United States FDR and that he even knew the target would be Pearl Harbor but tried to conceal the information from the Hawaiian military commanders. Historians will never know for sure what was on FDRs mind, and it may be true that FDR lured the Japanese into attacking the U.S. so that it would give him the excuse to join the war, but to claim that he knew that when and where th e attack was going to take a place is nothing more than falsification or distortion of the facts. Students Frequently Tell Us: I'm don't want to write my essay. Because I don't have the time Specialists recommend: Academic Papers For Sale Buy Essay Online Reviews I Need Someone To Write My Essay For Me Hire People To Write Papers Online Essay Writing Jobs For Students Some conspiracy theorists even dare to claim that FDR wanted war not because he wanted to fight Germany, but because he wanted to hide the failure of the New Deal in order to turn peoples attention away from the New Deal to the war. They even go on further by stating that FDR was a traitor to the nation before the war, and he surely forced us into war to save his commie friends in the Soviet Union. It may be true that FDR wanted America to fight militarist aggression in Europe. FDR indeed was a skilled politician who would take advantage of any opportunity to serve his agenda. However, to claim that this is evidence of conspiracy is simply wrong. A shortcoming of the conspiracy theory is that there was no guarantee that Germany would declare war on America. And the idea that the US would engage war on Germany was not popular at the time. The feeling in Congress and much of the nation was one war at a time, and. Roosevelts Date of Infamy speech on December 8th did not mention Germany or any European nation. His speech did not indicate that we planned to add the Nazis to our list of enemies. Throughout this paper, I will list the claims made by so-called conspiracy theorists and explain why their claims are simply not true or circumstantial at best. There has been a lot of debates regarding the ability of Allies to break enemy codes. The conspiracy theorists claim that FDR wanted the U.S. in the war so much that he purposely withheld information in order to lure the Japanese into attacking Pearl Harbor. After all, they argue that the Pearl Harbor was too attractive for the Japanese to pass. The Conspiracy Theorists lacked knowledge of the methods and processes in signals intelligence work. The process of intelligence collection requires a lot of effort and work even for misleading and incomplete messages. Even though the code has been broken, it takes time to decode and to translate the message to English. Then, translation needs to be verified. If the message requires attention, it is then passed up to the chain of command. Also, there was no central clearinghouse for message analysis -- the navy, army and state departments all had independent operations. It is no wonder that no one had a clear, let alone a complete picture of the messages available. Also, the conspiracy theorists argue that the "Fourteen-part message", which the Japanese ambassador was going to deliver to the U.S. Secretary of State a half hour before the attack on Pearl Harbor, was a declaration of war, or at least a breaking off of diplomatic relations which would have signaled war. But the truth is that the message was not decoded and delivered in a timely manner, and as we all know, intelligence has little value unless it can be delivered in a timely manner. On December 6, 1941, U.S. code-breaking groups intercepted a fourteen-part message from the Japanese government to its American ambassador. The code-breaking service began intercepting a fourteen part message from the Japanese but only decoded the first thirteen parts. The Americans believed Japan was going to attack somewhere in Southeast Asia. The next day the remaining part of the message was deciphered. It mentioned that diplomatic relations with the United States were to be severed. After learning t his, the United States War Department sent out an alert, but it was about four hours too late When Pearl Harbor was under the attack, the carriers Enterprise and Yorktown were returning from Wake Island and Midway. The conspiracy theorists claim that the old and obsolete battleships were left while the important and vital aircraft carriers were hidden. It is true that naval strategists started looking at aircraft carriers. In the interwar years, there was a small, but vocal aircraft enthusiasts who were convinced that aircraft would dominate naval warfare. However, the military, and the navy, in particular, do not take new views well. Only after several trials, demonstrations, and war games, the utility of carrier-borne aircraft was demonstrated well enough to build some of the ships and place them in the fleet. However, the roles of these ships were limited to the support of battleships and heavy cruisers. Their role would be to scout, set up air defense, and to raid lighter craft. Even in the Japanese navy, same ideas were shared. All of the plans in the southwest Pacific had the fleet supporting landings and waiting in the Philippines for the USN fleet to arrive for battle. In this battle, the role of Japanese carriers was to harass the Americans on their approach, but not to be used in a strike role. Yamatos plan to cripple the American fleet at Pearl Harbor was not very popular with the majority of the IJN leadership. It was regarded as a high-risk endeavor, but it was also the only plan that anyone could come up with that took the initiative in attacking the American fleet. So, no navy anywhere in the world had viewed the carrier as the main force for projecting power. A huge debt is owed to Nimitz and Halsey for developing the methods of using carriers as the main strike element. But in the end analysis, Halsey and Nimitz were forced to do this because they had no battle line to fall back on. The absence of American carriers at Pearl Harbor is not a conspiracy. One area where the conspiracy theorists may have a good point is how the two commanders were treated after the events of December 7. Often, it is far more important to assess blame than to identify a problem and to try to fix it. Admiral Kimmel and General Short were held responsible and disgraced by the events of December 7. People wanted a scapegoat and the government gave them two. But the fact remains that even if they had information regarding the attack, they would have needed at least several hours, if not a week or two to develop a plan. Although it is the responsibility of the commanders to safeguard their troops, it is also often not solely their fault when things go wrong. Short and particularly Kimmel could not possibly do more than what they had done. They did not deserve to have their reputations and careers ruined. The conspiracy theorists argue that the reason why many of the documents from World War II are still classified is the evidence that the government is still trying to hide conspiracy surrounding the Pearl Harbor attack. The problem with declassifying these documents is that there are literally hundreds of feet of documents that were classified right after the war in fear that the new enemy, the Soviet Union, might get something valuable. So the military, state department and anyone else with a streak of paranoia were allowed to place blanket classifications on those documents. By law, each must be reviewed by multiple levels of bureaucracy before declassification can occur. The losses suffered at Pearl Harbor were a severe blow to the US military. 2403 were killed and this included 68 civilians. 1178 were wounded. Airpower in Hawaii took a beating as naval aviation lost 13 fighters, 21 scout bombers, and 46 patrol planes. The Army air losses were even higher as 18 bombers (including 4 B-17s) and 59 fighters were destroyed. Of course, the loss in fighting ships great. All of the battleships were damaged, all but two were either total losses or severely damaged. In addition to these losses, 3 light cruisers and 3 destroyers were also destroyed. We will never know what really was on FDRs mind. Maybe, it is true that he was desperately looking ways to stop Germany, and that his way into the war was through Japan, not Germany. However, Roosevelt's only fault was that he failed to prompt effective action. He was guilty of negligence. Poor communications, inefficient intelligence gathering and dissemination systems, poor rules of engagement and a totally inadequate or lack of command structure is what caused the Pearl Harbor disaster. It was not a conspiracy. It was simply a nation and a government operating on inadequate information making assumptions that were not valid about an enemy who was more capable than we had anticipated. References Harold I. Gullan, "Expectations of Infamy: Roosevelt and Marshall Prepare for War, 1938-41," Presidential Studies Quarterly 28.3 (1998): 510 Hilary Conroy, and Harry Wray, eds., Pearl Harbor Reexamined: Prologue to the Pacific War (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990) iii Karl G. Larew, "December 7, 1941: The Day No One Bombed Panama," The Historian 66.2 (2004) Thomas A. Breslin, "Mystifying the Past: Establishment Historians and the Origins of the Pacific War," Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars8.4 (1976): 18 "VA Vows Not to Forget Pearl Harbor; Programs for Employees to Explore Veterans in History." The Washington Times 23 Nov. 2002: A01. Warren F. Kimball, "Franklin D. Roosevelt and World War II," Presidential Studies Quarterly 34.1 (2004)

Brave New World Essays (1252 words) - Brave New World,

Brave New World The author of Brave New World is Aldous Huxley. He was born in Surrey in England in 1894. He was educated at Eton, and later he attended college at Oxford where he earned a degree in English literature. For awhile he taught and was a critic of music and art . During the writing of this book he was experimenting with mind altering drugs. He specializes in fantasy and sci-fi books. In 1959 Aldous Huxley received a the Award of Merit for the novel from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He came to the U. S. in 1937 and was living in California at the time of his death on November 22, 1963. The purpose of this book was to share a prophecy he had about the future. The main theme of this book had to do with a utopian society. As all utopian societies do, this one was obviously flawed. The goal of this society was to have full control over all the citizens. The book begins with a tour around a laboratory where scientists are artificially creating babies in a process called decanting. Lenina, one of the main characters, is a woman who does not always understand the ways of the society in which she lives. She is instantly attracted to a fellow citizen named Bernard. Bernard is different than the other men Lenina usually dates. He is shorter than most men in his category, known as, ?Beta?. Some of his ideas that scare Lenina. She tries to suppress his inquiries by reminding him that all bothersome thoughts and feelings can go away with the help of Soma. Soma is a drug that seems to be similar to present day Prozac and other anti- depressants. The citizens of the society depend on Soma to get them through every day. The master of this society is a God-like character named Ford. He is not present in the story, but they base their lives around his teachings. The ritualistic times of worship include chanting and orgies. Relationships are frowned upon, or anything else that requires human emotion. The idea of love or passion seems to scare them the most because there is no scientific reasoning or ways to control it. Lenina is scolded for being with the same man for too long. Bernard often questions the wonder and joy of what it would be like to have an emotional connection with some like a spouse or a family. He reveals a dissatisfaction with the lifestyle in the Ford society. After some inner conflict Lenina decides to court Bernard and they spend some time together. They go on a trip to an Indian reservation where life remains untainted and natural. At first Bernard and Lenina think of it as an adventure until they witness a human sacrifice. Lenina realizes she and Bernard both left their soma back in their room. They are forced to suffer through the pain of real human emotion. Their reaction was even more intense due to the fact that their whole life was centered around their own happiness and they could not understand why someone would give up their life to help their community. Every action they took in live was purely for themselves and their own false sense of security. During the traumatizing ordeal the two outsiders come across a woman and her son who don not seem to belong. It turns out that the woman, Linda is really from the civilized land and was lost their during a vacation. Before the trip Linda was accidentally impregnated by one of her partners and had her son in the village. Linda's son, John, had a very strange upbringing. He was constantly told about life where his mother used to live. He was also taught the ways of the Indians he was surrounded with. He never quite gained the acceptance of the natives, nor his mother; because of this he turned to God. the God of Christianity. Although Christianity was not the practiced religion; the leaders believed it was important for the youth to know all aspects of spirituality. His mother taught him how to read. He read Shakespeare and identified with the characters and was able to express himself through the

The eNotes Blog All Things Tolkien Five Ways to Await the Release of TheHobbit

All Things Tolkien Five Ways to Await the Release of TheHobbit If you are counting the days until the December 14, 2012 release date of  The Hobbit (Part I)  chances are you do not have a girlfriend and therefore need to find ways to pass the time. (I kid the geeks I kid. Some of them do not have  boyfriends.) Not to worry. Since its original publication in 1937, and the Lord of the Rings  trilogy that followed (between 1938 and 1949)  Tolkeins world of Hobbits, Ringwraiths, elves, and wizards has enthralled generations, inspiring countless songs, studies, puzzles, tributes, and cosplays. Here are just a few ways you can count down the next 35 days or however they measure time in Middle Earth. 1.   Listen to Led Zeppelins Ramble On on Auto-repeat (Sing along now!) Mines a tale that cant be told, my freedom I hold dear. How years ago in days of old, when magic filled the air. Twas in the darkest depths of Mordor, I met a girl so fair. But Gollum, and the evil one crept up and slipped away with her, her, her.yeah. 2. Trace Middle Earths Family Tree Ever wonder how, exactly, Fingoflin is related to Maeglin? Well, you can be prepared for that next panel discussion at the 2013  Ã‚  Comicon  by memorizing all 817 characters and their relationships to one another. Theres even an app for that! And you can keep up with all the other people interested in the complex  genealogy  of the works by staying in touch on Facebook. 3.   Start Getting Prepared Now  for Comic-Con Every summer the San Diego Convention Center is host to the worlds largest gathering of fantasy.enthusiasts many who dress up in elaborate costumes as homage to their favorite characters. Once only a venue for comic books, Comic-Con now caters to multiple genres including horror, anime, toys, and more. So extend No-Shave November through July and youve likely grown yourself some fine Hobbit feet! 4. Whip up Second Breakfasts and Elevenses Nothing passes the time quite like eating so why not try to make your own delicious Seedcakes, courtesy of   The Lord of the Rings Cookbook.   Whether you need some comfort food for breakfast, second breakfast, elevenses, luncheon, tea, dinner and/or supper, Ms. Kittle has you covered. 5.   How About a   Hobbit Jigsaw Puzzle? Get a pizza, the LOTR  trilogy on DVD, shove the cat(s) off the table and get busy with this vintage two-sided puzzle. Done? Great! Only 4 and a half more weeks to go!

Family in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family in UK - Essay Example The definition of family has changed over the centuries for reasons that include both social and structural changes in the western world. The UK family structure has changed in the last 40-40 years.Initially, social scientists including anthropologists and sociologists agreed on various ‘conventional’ definition of family. One such definition was that of Murdocks in 1949, which stated, â€Å"A social group characterized by common residence, economic corporation, and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults† (Settles, pp56, 1999). According to Coontz, the world family until the 19th century was commonly explained as a married couple, living with their co-resident children and distinguished from a household or more distant kin (Arnold, 2007, n.d). Therefore, the definitions stated above, and as described by the que stion have common themes, that of a union of a heterosexual couple (male and female) with recognized rights and obligations, and children. Heterosexuality is the sexual orientation to the persons of the opposite sex. This definition of the family is that of a nuclear family (Lamanna & Reidmann, pp3, 2006). However, at the turn of the 20th century, contemporary social scientists have challenged this definition of family. Various new definitions of family have emerged. There have been various phenomena, which have changed this traditional definition. During the 1900s, Western world had seen dramatic shifts in women employment, opportunities for sexual expression, and technological advances that have touched numerous aspects of the social life of individuals. In addition, the society of today is a dynamic one and families are adapting to meet the new demands of the world. This is because now change and diversity is the norm (Karraker & Grochowski, pp18, 2006). Many people because of a variety of factors have reconsidered the conventional definition of family. This may be because of increased awareness of human rights and equality, feminism, and the place of law. One other reason is due to the increased divorce rate that increased in the mid-fifties. This has led to the family including one divorced adult with another heterosexual adult, bringing up a custodial child (belonging to either adult) and children. Hence, one wonders about the boundaries of family (Settles, pp57, 1999). Families offer the need of intimacy, communication, problem solving and helping each other according to Karraker & Grochowski (2006). Grochowski’s concept of strategic living communities has expanded the traditional definition of family to include all such members who offer intimacy and love. In a way, families are regarded as proactive organism, and it should not be limited to rigid definitions and stereotypes. In this way, everyone has their own right to define who their family i s. It is highly independent on the individual (Karraker, Grochowski, pp18, 2006). Therefore, in the recent times, social scientists of different fields have challenged the conventional definition of family. Family is a very core concept in social sciences especially that in sociology. Hence, the paper will initially address the sociologists’ view of the conventional definition of family. In sociology, the family is regarded as the social institution. It is the key to primary socialization for children in society (Charles, pp. 1-2, 2004). Family life and work has transformed due to recent times in various countries. Hence, the issue of what a family consists of has been greatly talked about. In contemporary tines, the traditional definition is not synonymous to what families currently are. Today’s families include

Logical Fallacies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Logical Fallacies - Essay Example She convinced me to go to school the next day. But I did not listen to her, instead, I stayed in my room and kept away from other people. I believed that if my family are going to see me and make an eye contact, they will catch sore eyes from me. What my mother did was to search the internet about my condition and look for information on how to treat sore eyes. After few hours, she knocked on my door and told me to go out fast. I was avoiding her gaze when she said that it’s not true. I did not understand what she meant by that. She told me that people don’t get sore eyes by making eye contact with people suffering from sore eyes. She directly looked at me and explained that sore eyes can only spread by contact of dirty and contaminated hands with the eyes. Hands can get infected if they get in contact with contaminated or infectious objects and surfaces. Therefore, sore eyes are brought about by viral infection and not by looking at someone with sore eyes. The popularity of something does not make it true. It is very popular among children and even in house hold that people get sore eyes by making eye contact with someone suffering from the same infection. It is therefore a common and popular misconception among the people not only in the United States but also in other countries. If not because of my mom and her eagerness to help and convince me to go to school, I will not find out that everything my friends and I believed in about sore eyes were not true. Thus, the very next day I attended school. But it took a lot of my day to explain to my friends and classmates that they will not catch sore eyes by just looking at

Critique review on Kopczak & Johnson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critique review on Kopczak & Johnson - Essay Example These shifts have guided, and will guide the managers in implementing the initiatives and enablers of the supply chain management, that should be implemented internally and with their partners. Instead of considering the impact of the field in terms of programmes and results, if the impact is considered in terms of business focus executives feel the strategic role of supply chain management in their business. Outsourcing, globalization and business fragmentation has compelled to redefine the supply chain processes which were complex and expensive. The authors stress the need; as the supply chain management conveys the idea that the supply process should be viewed at a multicompany level. With this multicompany nature, the supply chain is not just simply an order fulfilment process but it should be the part and parcel of the product design, introduction, fulfilment and recycling. If considered fully in the business strategy and throughout the product life cycle, the full impact of the supply chain can be achieved. With their research authors found that six major shifts in the business focus are the result of supply chain management. Shifts have redefined the business question, collection, sharing and the dissemination of the information from the management's point of view and the questions were posed from the point of view of the supply chain. ... e and the disappointments in the initiatives of the industries like efficient consumer response and software projects were due to the less managerial focus on the business problems. The paper analyses the six major shifts in the business thinking. Shift one focuses on shifting from the old question as to how various functional areas of the company can be coordinated to supply the product to the immediate customers, to the new question of how the activities of different companies can be coordinated across companies and internally to supply the product to the market that is cross-functional integration to cross-company. Many forms of cross company coordination has evolved, the private initiatives taken by the industry-dominant brand companies, public or industry-level initiatives, the semi public or shared initiatives such as the third party logistics in which net works of companies from different industries have attempted to create cost benefits through scale economies. The companies now realise that to derive the real benefits, it is not the type of the initiative but the competitive risks and tradeoffs associated with the integration should be addressed. Shift two focuses on shifting from the old question of reducing the costs of production and distribution to the new question of minimising the costs of matching supply and demand along with reducing the costs of production and distribution that is from the physical efficiency to market mediation. Companies that excel in supply chain management effectively manage two aspects of the supply chain physical supply and market mediation. In industries for which demand is fairly predictable, the costs of the physical supply dominate, in industries which are innovative and highly responsive to changing fashions

Strategic Marketing Plan for the Guardian Newspaper

Strategic Marketing Plan for the Guardian Newspaper 1. Introduction Unlike any national newspapers, the Guardian can divide readers’ opinions. It can provoke feelings of contempt in critics, who might think its publications of the world to be satisfied and smug. On the other hand, loyal readers claim that their favorite newspaper could have alternative, critical and argumentative viewpoints, which are unique, distinct and separate it from its rivals. Many Guardian supporters continue to believe that their morning newspapers are essential in a way that no other articles would dare to challenge. However, in a globalization environment and with a modernized technology platform, brands should beware of being beached. Marketing activities of the Guardian were mainly relied on price and supporting special editions a decade ago. ‘The papers marketing department is planning an extensive operation to generate trial of the newspaper by Guardian faithfuls to secure an extra 40,000 readers. The first redesigned issue was available for 10p to Guardian readers and use will also be made of The Guardian’s database to direct mail 80,000 of its readers.’ [1] Additionally, the strategic plans have not yet been successful for the past years. The Guardian feels that it should be the natural Sunday choice for Guardian and any other liberal left readers in the market and it is testimony to the success of the newspaper. Nevertheless, there are still grounds to make up. 2. Strategic marketing plan 2.1. Technological innovation – Diversifying its targets The Guardian has tried to reach as many domestic and international consumers as possible. Many agencies have created a brand campaign in order to reflect the multi-media presence of the Guardian. It has remained innovation to adapt to the new business environment by continuously changing. In 2006, the newspapers marketing director Marc Sands has mentioned ‘If you aggregate the changes weve made over the last two years, such as the decision to print news stories on our website before theyve appeared in the newspaper, youll see the direction were moving in.’ [2] All good media brands should measure and publish across brand perceptions rather than just the number of circulations. Likewise, the Guardian has ensured its brand to increase its market shares globally. Its sales team has been able to inform their clients that the newspaper brand could help them buy across many platforms, not just the ones who are interested in reading newspaper. It is working with the industry and looking at different brands and measurements to enhance both sellers and buyers of advertising to have different platforms for different kinds of currency. ‘The newspapers branding has been attached to numerous technological advances in delivering content across a range of platforms. These includes the groups blog site Comment is Free already one of the worlds top 100 blogs according to technorati.com and G24, a regularly updated printable version of breaking news for commuters to read on the journey home.’ [3] Additionally more competition has happened. Through its own research, the Guardian has found out that ‘it is perceived as worthy and dull by lapsed readers. Those between 18 and 35 find it old-fashioned, tired, lacking style and too conservative. Over the past ten years 40 per cent of all readers under 35 have deserted the newspaper with female readers providing the greatest hemorrhage 50 per cent have dropped the paper.’ [4] As a result, the Guardian should diversify its market segmentation and try to divert perceptions of the consumers in its strategic plan. To continuously promote the articles to a target market of 18 to 35-year-olds, the Guardian should ensure that the future newspaper can provide appropriate advertising contents to attract target group to sell to advertisers. Decades ago, ‘This is partly down to the fact that the Saturday Guardian is a good product and its readers dont feel the need for a Sunday.’ [5] Furthermore, it should concern the lack of loyalty in the Sunday newspaper market, since the Sunday vouchers has been dropped during promotional campaign. As part of its attempt to stay ahead of a future of declining newspaper sales, the rise of number of obsessed youth and throwaway free newspapers through online contents should consider. 2.2. Relaunching strategies – Agency promotion Another strategy is promoting the brand through free newspaper with DVD and CD. The breaking-news market has been grounded in term of content, volume, target and the frequency of the quality press. Their high growth approaching method will bring with more strategic leverage, not just with DVDs for posh papers. Our relaunch strategy was all about encouraging people to reappraise The Guardian. says Richard Furness, circulation manager for Guardian Newspapers. The two free DVDs on consecutive Saturdays did just that we enjoyed our two highest-ever sales in the history of the newspaper, and our subsequent Saturday sales show that many have stuck with us.[6] Traditionally, newspapers used to facilitate the line with primary sales promotion tools that help to be hit in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) market. Since entertainment becomes a major decision for consumers to purchase a product, DVDs can lead to the right strategy to implement. Its an expensive but extremely good tool. says Dermot McPartlin, director of PD3, the agency that handled The Guardian DVD push. Essentially, the relaunch was a sampling exercise for the new product. The films that were used had a great synergy with the papers brand values and broad consumer appeal. [7] Over the past few years, due to the impacts of the World Wide Web, big newspapers have tried to transpose their brands onto the web. The obvious advantage of the online facility is that the internet can enable marketers to ask readers to register, and as a result, their customers’ concern can be responded quickly. The two-way dialogue could be promptly done and help build a meaningful relationship. When media can be effectively transferred their brand value online, demographics are essentially different from the newspapers with traditional hard copy delivery. Due to the lack of commitment on the part of print publisher, the online content is usually less well thoughtful. Additionally, print publishers have a print view of pricing, which might inhibit the realistic cost per response. Most print publishers have tried to stick to the standard rate. In fact, the newspapers have paid as little of the supposed price; but consumers have not yet realized that they have been overcharged for their online equivalents. However, the Guardian might be not the first title to adopt this template. ‘Heeding the large proportion of ads on newspaper web sites bought as part of cross-media campaigns, the Audit Bureau of Circulation has launched what it calls a Group Product Report, which aims to simplify the process of choosing a cross-media campaign by outlining the audited number of a newspapers print copies, its web sites page impressions and the footfall of any related exhibition.’ [8] The Guardian has made enormous efforts to provide compelling contents to cover all areas. To prove that the Guardian has been committed, will succeed and are succeeding, it should be more popular, both in domestic and international regions. 2.3. Facilitating banners Brand owners need to adjust their internal culture in order to persuade their customers that they have been reborn. They have different degrees of success in adapting when the ground moves beneath their feet. However, cultural difference for a big brand, like the Guardian which has a strong worldwide impact, can cause a steady and slow procedure, rather than a prompt fire remedy. The Guardian seem trapped in its culture, hardcopy print, producing innovative information, but still seems unsuited to a new technology trend, the World Wide Web. Coy about the exact revenue Guardian Unlimited is pulling in, Waldman says: Our revenues are growing very rapidly in all areas of the site, and through all types of advertising from banners and buttons through to e-commerce partnerships and sponsorships. Elaborating this point, Guardian Unlimiteds commercial development manager, Helen Mayor, says: Increasingly offline sales teams like ourselves are looking to mirror the developments and integrated structure of the agencies involved in buying traditional and online. [9] Using both digital and print in a cross-media campaign, the Guardian has tried to run an aggressive competition. The inherent conflict between the media buying community and the promoting sales can cause difficulties to implement. The sales operations in a large organization is gearing up for a cross-media sell, while the media buying operations have focused on expertise in dedicated media division, which specializes exclusively in online content for planning and purchasing. Many media agencies have established their interactive departments in response to what they have perceived, rather than what the real demand could be in the market. ‘The Guardian is to yield to commercial pressures and make people register to visit its Websites. The Guardian, which last week unveiled details of a staffing revamp in its new media division, is to introduce registration on its revamped Websites. The move is intended to improve its appeal to display and classified advertisers.’ [10] The Guardian sales team has determined that although many uncertainties have existed in the marketplace, the Internet is still a relatively new medium. The bold strategic framework to take first step to integrate into both media will help the sales teams feel confident with both media. These strategies might question the competence of the agencies in order to understand and properly facilitate the web as a media channel distribution. 3. Proposals The Guardian has created more original content than any agency in town and has led the way in online publishing. The question is not just about the internet media channel, but the growing part of the Guardian brand. ‘Its hardly surprising, because every day in the UK some 13.5 million national papers are sold, which could easily mean over 20 million people read them. Yet, if predictions from Jupiter Communications prove correct and US trends wend their way to the UK, online advertising will outstrip magazines or radio by 2005.’ [11] Additionally, the Guardian brand management should not think that consumers as people to be targeted, but people to be engaged to work for the brand. Increasing fragmentation, differentiation and proliferation of media channels are arising trends in consumer sovereignty, gained through internet technology. Consumers are establishing their own channels if they could get anything in return, such as customizing products themselves, entertaining and exploring their own world, expressing their voices, knowledge that they are buying social responsible products, or simply just saving their time, creating most convenient means for them; they are willing to pay for and work for that brand. With that concept in mind, the successful brand of the future will be most productive and efficient to facilitate the mix of consumers-employees relationship. Agencies will consider themselves as consultant for brand, which help recruit and engage consumers for ideas, dialogue, gaining consumers’ consents as well. As a result, the Guardian’s research and measurement will need to gain clear insights into the consumer-brand relationship as well as understand the value of consumers-employees. With the current technology trends, consumers can find faster and cheaper ways to get information. In fact, news publishers are challenged to engage and fulfill consumers’ expectations. Thus, the following proposals can help the Guardian engage consumers to ‘work’ for its brand. 3.1. The Guardian should increase C2C (consumer-to-consumer) business and reduce B2C (business-to-consumer) interface. The Guardian should facilitate the concept ‘the word-of mouth’ among key consumers. It should consider ‘consumers as media’. 3.2. It should have more content and dialogue and less advertising. The strength of a dialogue involves mental disciplines. Thus, these dialogues engage the customers to think and to work with the Guardian’s staff to complete the message. This strategy might fascinate the customers to promote message from the Guardian. 3.3. More emotional media should be involved in the circulations. Obviously, the more touching and vivid a story will be, the more likely it is to be remembered. The future will be in branded contact that consumers can choose to involve themselves in voluntarily, as a part of the Guardian. In this environment, the share of employment will be a major impact, not just the share of their voice or raising their opinions. 4. Conclusion Galvanizing itself ahead of technological and social trends is not easy, especially for iconic brand, which tends to navigate in cultural system that defies change. However, without successful product innovation and such progress, the Guardian could risk itself of being cast adrift. Ensuring and enhancing a brand is not just simply washed up the changing tides of technology and society. This is also a key strategic framework, which the Guardian has facilitated. Reference list Kavanagh, Michael 1998, ‘Guardian joins in registration game’, Marketing Week.London, vol.21,no.24, 13 August,p.32 McCann, Paul 1995, ‘Observer strives for fresher image’, Marketing Week, London, vol.18,no.25, p.22 Scott, Jon 2000, ‘Do newspapers deliver online?’ Marketing,London, 21 September,p.43 ‘The Guardian: Thinking ahead’ 2006, Marketing Week,London, 24 August, p.24 Thornton, James 2006, ‘Do quality and giveaways mix?’ Promotions Incentives. London, January,p.25 Page 1 Footnotes [1] McCann, Paul 1995, ‘Observer strives for fresher image’, Marketing Week, London, vol.18,no.25, p.22 [2] ‘The Guardian: Thinking ahead’ 2006, Marketing Week,London, 24 August, p.24 [3] ‘The Guardian: Thinking ahead’ 2006 [4] McCann, Paul 1995 [5] McCann, Paul 1995 [6] Thornton, James 2006, ‘Do quality and giveaways mix?’ Promotions Incentives, London, January,p.25 [7] Thornton, James 2006 [8] Scott, Jon 2000, ‘Do newspapers deliver online?’ Marketing,London, 21 September,p.43 [9] Scott, Jon 2000 [10] Kavanagh, Michael 1998, ‘Guardian joins in registration game’, Marketing Week.London, vol.21,no.24, 13 August,p.32 [11] Scott, Jon 2000

Discrimination against Black and Whites :: Essays Papers

Discrimination against Black and Whites This story, Black Boy is a great book that describes how the author, Richard Wright, suffered in the South of the United States during the time when there was still a lot of discrimination throughout the country. Since the author explained many of his horrible experiences in the past, this book cannot be written in a thin book. This thick book is full of his great experiences that wanted to be read by many people in the world in order to let everybody know the disasters of racism. This racism affected Richard Write a lot and he had to adapt to the environment that he was in, although he didn’t know how he should act in front of white people in the beginning of the story. There are not many examples in the beginning of the story since Richard was a little boy, and he still didn’t know about racism. He did know that something was different between black and whites, but he wasn’t able to understand it since he was too young. He even talks to himself in Pg. 49 that â€Å"I had heard that colored people were killed and beaten, but so far it all had seemed remote. There was, of course, a vague uneasiness about it all, but I would be able to handle that when I came to it. It would be simple. If anybody tried to kill me, then I would kill them first.† After this, he realized the harshness of racism around his society when Uncle Hoskins got shot by a white man when he was at the saloon. And the reason is just because a black man was earning a lot of money and the white man became jealous. Also after this scene, there is an another example in Pg. 172 where he met his classmate, Ned Greenley who had lost his brother since the whites shot him for a specific reason. Ned said, â€Å"Th-they said he was fooling with a white prostitute there in the hotel.† Richard was shocked since he could be in those kinds of situations at any time. Richards starts to think of really going to North soon as possible now. In Chapter nine, there is a scene that is really harsh where Richard sees it, but could do nothing. This scene is at the clothing store for black people where Richard worked.

Individual Assignment: Classic Airlines Marketing Solution Essay

Bryan Spearman July 22nd, 2010 Abstract In the case study of Classic Airline (CA), the paper use problem-solving model to solve CA’s marketing problem. After taking into account of the internal and external pressures contributing the CA’s current crisis, the new objective of implementing strategic market plan to resolve solution is clarified; furthermore, potential issues of implementation is also considered to ensure impact of the plan. The paper will also highlight that implementation of improved CRM which expected to significantly improve the profitability of the organization. Successful implementation requires effective leadership, targeting market group, realizing shared vision among stakeholders and appropriate delivery strategies. Classic Airlines Marketing Solution For every successful organization, a question is often brought forward by the management: What philosophy should guide a company’s marketing efforts? Should organization focus its strength first on the interest of stockholder, the customers or the society? Often times, these interests are in conflict with one another. Since the mid-1950s, the marketing philosophy had shift from product centered â€Å"make to sell† toward customer centered â€Å"sense and respond† philosophy. Thus the questions of marketing are finding the product that fit customer’s need instead of other way around. [ (Philip Kotler, 2006) ] Facing fierce global competition, companies had realized the importance of retaining healthy customer relationship because every companies knows it is far more cost effective to retain a loyal customer than to acquire a new one. According to Plunkett Research Online, the 2009-2010 periods for commercial airlines are expecting some rough ride ahead: consumer budget is tight while companies are cutting down business traveling expenses. To combat with economical hardship, airlines are fighting to cut routes, removing older models of air planes and reduce the fuel cost; at the same time, competing on best price and total service package to the customers. [ (Plunkett Research Ltd. , 2009) ] The Problems at Classic Airline The Classic Airline (CA) is world’s fifth largest airline that operates 375 jets serves 240 cities with over 2300 daily flights. In the last 25 years, the company had grown into an organization of 32000 employees with multi-billion sales. [ (University of Phoenix, 2005) ] Due to the difficulties with increasing global competition, overexpansion within the organization, changes in customers spending, and increased concern with airline security; CA along with its competitors in the industry are dealing with issues of growing stress and reduced financial gain. Increased uncertainty had triggered a drop in stock price; thus CA has seen a 10% decrease in share price. To make the situation worse, the company had also shown 19% decrease in number of reward members and 21% decrease in flights per remaining member. (University of Phoenix, 2005) With rising cost especially in fuel and labor, CA is tight up financially in its ability to compete effectively in the market. Furthermore, the board of director mandated 15% cut in cost or the company will face bankruptcy. A key component of the business model affecting both competiveness and profitability is the structure of the marketing portfolio within the company. In fact, Classic Airlines is struggling with a number of marketing challenges both internally within their corporate culture as well as with their external marketing portfolio. Some senior executives such as newly promoted CEO Amanda Miller believed in focusing organizational resources on operational excellence and financial stability thus gives less attention to marketing. As a result, the shift in priority had caused the firm more vulnerable in this critical time which consumers needs should be valued as most important of all others. Meanwhile, CA’s competitors are learning fast in continuing improvement in customer satisfaction to regain their market share. Opportunity Identification Targeted at the problems at home, also lies opportunity to success. Because the executives of Classic Airline believes that they can turn the things around and improve the current situation, First opportunity is to increase customer satisfaction through the company’s existing program called Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Using this information, CA can determine what it needs to focus on to bring customers back. Though the CMO, Kevin Boyle is a big supporter of this program; he might be facing disagreement with other executives down the road during the implementation process since they don’t have much faith on how marketing department can be benefited from the program Stakeholder Groups and Shared Vision Stakeholder alignment is an important part of marketing planning thus holds a key to the success of implementation of problem solution. The potential of conflict of interest is inherent in any organization. Conflicts may exist whenever a group or an individual is paid to serve and support another from a position of assumed trust and responsibility. † [ (Emlyn Neuman-Javornik, 2006) ] Before any product reaches to consumers, it must connect with all stakeholders in every levels of the organization first because CA’s employees will be affected by these changes and so will their perfo rmance in the future. Can the risk due to the conflict of interest be eliminated once for all? Unfortunately, the answer is no; but the progression of actions that cause potential risky situation escalating to the point of destruction can be and should be prevented beforehand. [ (Emlyn Neuman-Javornik, 2006) ] The key step is management awareness and proactive action taken to minimize the risk factors. An effective risk-management program based on three critical phrases: Creation, Communication and Commitment. Creation is referring the solid cross-companywide statement of policy which states a clear expectation and govern ethical standard of conduct toward the all stakeholders including employee, managers, suppliers and officers; Communication, allows all levels of stakeholder to understand the statement policy and oversee any differences before it progresses; Last and most importantly, the commitment of employees, managers, partners and suppliers to invested in the company’s policy and shared vision as same as they are equally liable for the consequence if violates the policy. (Emlyn Neuman-Javornik, 2006) ] â€Å"The creative difference between reality and the vision is a way of seeing progress and an objective that serves as a motivator for a lot of people. † [ (Senge, 1997) ] Senge also states that the vision should come from all levels within an organization instead of being applied â€Å"top down†. Despite the individual belief and differences, it is vital for Cl assic Airline to establish a shared vision among all stakeholders in order for the organization continues creating value. In addition, the importance of a shared vision is the core of the company which allows teams learning to happen throughout the stages of product cycle. In fact, company that learns faster as a team than its competitor has a clear competitive advantage thus is more flexible toward changes. [ (Senge, 1997) ] In the case of Classic Airline, management had been working hard to maintain a high level of efficiency; however the passive approach has its limitation thus incapable of continuing improving when deals with worse market response. Therefore, the core competency must shift toward customer centered business operation. Employees must be encouraged to know and listen to the consumer’s voices which allow a clear channel of communication. As a result, the info collected from bottom up will help marketing team to shape a clear picture in how to meet market demand with effective strategic solution. In addition, a cross-function communication network must be established which integrated with CRM system to close the communication gap between external and internal stakeholders. Problem Solution An Overview of Customer Relationship Management â€Å"CRM systems can be viewed as information systems aimed at enabling organizations to realize a customer focus. † [ (Bull, 2003) ] Though CRM has gained an increasing popularity in improving and meeting marketing demand; however, the studies had shown a great number of failure in CRM implementation. According to Giga surveys: companies generally underestimate the complexities of CRM, lack of clear business objective and tend to invest insufficient resources into the program; thus Giga survey have estimated 70% of companies are likely to fail. (Whittle, 2001) ] The truth is that CRM system is evolving over the years as market demand changes. Because the leaders oversees not only the internal running of operation but also monitor the external environments changes; and are best positioned to set the vision and strategic direction for CRM project. In addition, the top executive is more cost aware than middle management thus has stronger control over the expenditure of project over the long run. [ (Bull, 2003) ] Classic Airline had earned $8. 7 billion in sales; however, the ineffective CRM system had reduced yields from consumers and failed to maintain loyal customers. The firm suffers CRM integration problem due to unclear direction in dealing with customer relationship. Therefore, a set of priorities must be established to set straight forth the focus of the CRM system which is to identify consumer needs, assisting market segmentation, discover value and cost driver, improving customer retention and leveraging stakeholder feedback. Holistic Market Approach Classic Airline could apply the concept of holistic marketing which based on four components: relationship marketing, integrated marketing, internal marketing and social responsibility marketing. The goal is to have more comprehensive approach that goes beyond the traditional marketing strategies in order to deliver highest value to the customer. [ (Philip Kotler K. L. , 2006) ] In the relationship marketing, the company can update and strengthen the CRM program to collect data required based on the goal to understand the need, wants and demand of the customers; as the same time, integrated marketing enable multiple marketing activities to communicate thus deliver value and maximize each activities’ joint effect. As a result, two objectives that can be achieved: lower the cost of marketing and implement a solid customer service solution to increase sales. [ (Philip Kotler K. L. , 2006) ] Notably, internal marketing must be incorporated into the solution process which to ensure every stakeholders within the organization embrace and participate the marketing principle especially the senior management. â€Å"Holistic approaches to CRM help organization co-ordinate and effectively maintain the growth of disparate customer contact points or channels of communication. [ (Bull, 2003) ] By placing CRM system as the heart of holistic marketing approach, new solution allows company undergoing transformation needed to emphasis on customer orientated business process with higher flexibility and adaptability to market changes. Identification of Right Customer Groups According to Newell, CRM is a useful tool in terms of identifying the right customer groups; in another word, assisting with market segmenta tion in order to provide appropriate service and product to different level of market groups. (Newell, 2000) ] The basic idea of market segmentation is that a company cannot have equally profitable relationship with all customers. By targeting consumer with different product and services according to their lifestyle, individual taste and financial ability will create a win-win relationship in which both parties received maximum benefit from one another. Newell had stated that identifying customer groups is the idea of distinguishing between transaction and relationship customers; which transaction customer are highly volatile thus have less to no loyalty other than obtaining the max benefit per transaction with best price. On the contrary, the relationship customer have far more potential for loyalty as they often prepared to pay a higher price within their financial ability for a range of reliable goods and services. [ (Newell, 2000) ] Generally, relationship customer will less likely to defect once establish a relationship; however, he will expect consistent quality service as a return for his loyalty. Relationship customer is far more cost effective than new customer because they had already understood the process and requires less persuasion; as the same time, he will be able to provide useful feedback to improve quality services of the organization. Delivery of CRM System Another dimension of market problem solution is CA’s ability to deliver the strategy successfully. CRM strategy is only effective if they deliver positive outcome; therefore, customer focused CRM system may not be enough with current consumer demand. Not only CRM will be able to assist the organization to predict future market demand, but keep the organization strong as a market leader. The studies had shown that fundamental goal of CRM is to improve organizational profitability though efficient and effective customer relationship. If the CRM strategy is struggling to impact profitability of organization after the initial implementation period; clearly, the strategy is failed to accomplish its goal. [ (Bull, 2003) ] In the case of Classic Airline, to revise and establish a stronger and effective CRM system: the top executive must clarify the expectation and announce an overarching theme to CA employees. The top executive must assume a strong leadership role within the organization to lead the transformation of the business process and passed down to the bottom level. When employees are more anticipated, the transformation process will be easier to implement. Value is ultimately built on the improved relational variables cultivated between business unit as CA experience learning as a team. As a result, manages and employees’ behavior will help improving the existing organizational culture so all stakeholders are motivated to work toward the common goal. Although the risks associated with transformation is relatively high, CA must utilize CRM system with proactive models to address the challenges/trends that market demand in a timely manner because strategy nd efficiency should always exist alongside each other. Alternative Solution and Benchmarking â€Å"When organizations want to improve their performance, they benchmark. That is, they compare and measure their policies, practices, philosophies, and performance measures against those of high-performing organizations anywhere in the world. † (James Cavanagh, 2000) Southwest Airline i s one of market leader in airline industry which has a reputation of delivering consistently high quality of customer service and employee performance. Southwest airline is reported that 2009 marked as their 37th year of consecutive profitability which proven their immovable leadership within the industry. (Gary C Kelly, 2009) During the period of recession, Southwest Airline had continued to dedicate quality of customer service as their top priority and led the industry with lowest customer complaint ratio. The organization is constantly seeking new opportunity to enhance customer experience. Examples of their initiatives are early bird check-in which encourage customer online-reservation; P. A. W. S that are welcoming customer with pet aboard and last, in flight internet that installing satellite-delivered broadband to onboard passenger. [ (Gary C Kelly, 2009) ] CA should learn from Southwest Airline which is developing strategic planning based on consumer focused philosophy. With new updates and perfected CRM system, CA will be able to establish more stable customer relationship in order to regain the competitive advantage in the market. Conclusion Marketing is the life and breathes of an organization, and the organization must be reminded how its strategic marketing solution should be based on consumer satisfaction consistently. Encompass the body of the paper, it is confirmed that CRM is a complex and holistic concept that requires appropriate business process and integrated systems. After identification of existing problems, alignment the stakeholders’ value and creation shared vision; Classic Airline had come to conclusion that in order for the successful implementation of updated CRM system to impact the profitability, CA need to execute effective leadership and risk management, targeting the right marketing group and evaluation within CRM strategies. The future of CA relies upon a collaborated effort infused with productivity and team work.

Tuck Everlasting Essay Example

Tuck Everlasting Essay Example Tuck Everlasting Paper Tuck Everlasting Paper Tuck Everlasting by Natalie Babbitt is a book for anyone who thinks living forever might be a good idea. Death is a hard thing for most people to accept. Just think about the folks who plan to have their bodies frozen after they die. They hope that one day scientists will have the technology to thaw them out and send them on their way. Who knows- maybe right about now youre thinking, Sounds like a plan to me! Well, one of the main ideas in Tuck Everlasting is that there is a natural cycle to life. The story suggests that maybe people shouldnt try to interfere with this cycle by doing things to avoid death. Even if you violently disagree with this idea and are bound and determined to live forever, Tuck Everlasting is an interesting and entertaining book worth reading. The issue in Babbitts book is not frozen bodies but a special spring that gives everlasting life to those who drink from it. The main character in the story, ten-year-old Winnie Foster, stumbles on the spring one day while exploring her familys woods. At the spring she meets Jesse Tuck and quickly gets drawn into the unusual life he has with his brother and mother. The problem is, until Winnie came along, only the Tuck family knew about the secret spring. And they have powerful, thoughtful reasons for wanting to keep it hidden from the rest of the world. The rest of the book focuses on what the Tucks, and eventually Winnie, go through to protect their amazing secret. As you read, you will have some tough decisions to make: What would you do if you were Winnie? Do you agree with the Tucks attitude toward the spring? Do you agree with Winnies actions? Tuck Everlasting asks readers to examine the idea of forever and think about the role of death in the cycle of life. It also looks at ideas such as loyalty, friendship, making responsible decisions, and dealing with the results of these decisions. But its not all seriousness. Youll simply enjoy this fun fantasy story and the adventures of its interesting, likable characters.

The Day My Dad Didnt Make it Home from Work - by Marianne Worley, Business Writing Consultant at The Essay Expert

The Day My Dad Didnt Make it Home from Work - by Marianne Worley, Business Writing Consultant at The Essay Expert [Reposted with the permission of the very talented business/marketing writer Marianne Worley, consultant at The Essay Expert. This poignant story was originally posted on her blog, Marketing Matters and Other Stories. I didnt even have to think before asking her if I could post it to The Essay Experts blog on Memorial Day.] The day was Monday, April 21, 2008. My phone rang just after 9pm. I checked the caller ID–it was my brother Nolan. Instinctively, I knew something was wrong, very wrong. My Dad had been in an accident and was being taken to a hospital about 20 miles north of my house. We didn’t know anything more. I quickly got dressed, jumped in my car, and hit the gas pedal. About 5 minutes later, my brother called again. Now Dad was being transported by helicopter to the much larger hospital just a few miles from my house. I got off the freeway and drove back the other way. My brother, sister-in-law, and I arrived at the hospital around the same time. The helicopter was still in flight, so we staked out seats in the busy emergency room to wait, still perplexed about what had happened to our Dad. After my stepmom and sister rushed in, we learned the whole story. My Dad usually came home from work around 5 or 6, so when it started to get dark and he still wasn’t home, my stepmom picked up the phone to make some increasingly frantic calls. My Dad was notorious for sporadically answering cell calls. As a contractor, he was constantly breaking and losing mobile phones. She wasn’t surprised when he didn’t answer, so she dialed his friends and clients. He had left the job site hours earlier, but no one knew where he was. My stepmom and sister decided to drive to the job site to look for him. They found his empty work truck on the side of the road with the driver’s side door open. They called 911 and nearby friends who could help with the search. There was a small creek parallel to the road with a steep bank covered in thick, muddy vegetation. My athletic sister charged down the hill and found him lying unconscious in the creek, pale and covered with dirt. The paramedics pulled him up on a rescue stretcher and loaded him into the helicopter. This process doesn’t take a few minutes, like it does on TV and in the movies. The rescue actually took more than an hour. The helicopter finally arrived, but still we knew nothing about his condition. We assumed it was a stroke, or something similar. When they finally let us in to see him, we discovered that he had suffered some sort of episode, possibly a seizure, and was experiencing pronounced weakness on one side of his body. It looked like a stroke, but he was stable. So they admitted him and scheduled an MRI for the next morning. The following day, the doctors confirmed that the MRI results showed that it looked like a stroke. We felt relieved. We knew a brain tumor would be a much more deadly diagnosis. But they still wanted to get a new MRI, with contrast, the next day to be sure. On Wednesday, April 23, 2008, our lives changed forever. The new MRI showed that it wasn’t a stroke–it was a brain tumor. They called in a neurosurgeon for a consultation. My education in neurology commenced that day. I carried a notebook at all times. I scribbled down details from the doctors during the day and did online research at night. Over the next 7 months, my Dad had a biopsy and was diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, the most aggressive form of brain cancer. Our doctor decided to treat with radiation and chemotherapy, not surgery. I knew that without surgery, the 6-month survival rate was almost zero. When I pressed him, he said he could do the surgery if we got a second opinion from one of the neurosurgeons he recommended. After many phone calls, I got an appointment with one of the top experts in the country at Cedars-Sinai in Los Angeles. The neurosurgeon just needed to see my Dad’s (now enormous) medical file, along with all of his MRI results. We got his opinion, and my Dad had surgery to remove the tumor. Although the surgery was successful, he still needed radiation and chemo to stave off regrowth, which is incredibly common. I researched clinical trials and spoke to doctors at UCLA and UC San Francisco. My Dad didn’t qualify for any trials and his prognosis was grave. By September, the tumor was back, bigger than before. We tried some experimental chemo drugs, but nothing helped. My Dad wasted away before our eyes, until we finally called in hospice care in November. On December 3rd, the hospice nurse told us that the end was near, so we gathered together to say goodbye. We stayed up pretty late, but finally succumbed to our own fatigue and reluctantly went to bed. Just before 4:30am, I awoke suddenly and sat bolt upright. I went downstairs and the nurse told me she had just checked on my Dad–he was still hanging in there. When I went to his bedside, I touched his hands and face. I didn’t think he was breathing, so I woke up my stepmom, who had decided to take a quick nap just minutes before. He was gone. We all gathered around his bed and cried again. A week or so later, my sister Whitney and I, always the Daddy’s-Little-Girl types, decided to get tattoos to celebrate our Dad’s life. She got an elegant â€Å"W† and I got an infinity sign with a â€Å"W† in the middle. Worley forever. My Dad was never called to battle in Vietnam, but that doesn’t mean he didn’t fight a war. So on this Memorial Day, I remember all who have fallen in war, including the continuing war on cancer. ____________________ I haven’t met anyone who hasn’t been touched in some way by cancer. The next time you’re thinking about making a cash donation to a charity, please consider one of the organizations in the fight against cancer, including the American Brain Tumor Association. Thanks for reading this very personal story. I’m sharing it because it shaped who I am today. Many thanks to my fellow blogger The JackB–his post from yesterday inspired me to write this. I haven’t met anyone who hasn’t been touched in some way by cancer. The next time you’re thinking about making a cash donation to a charity, please consider one of the organizations in the fight against cancer, including the American Brain Tumor Association. Category:UncategorizedBy Brenda BernsteinMay 31, 2011 8 Comments Nancy Anderson says: May 31, 2011 at 12:50 pm What a beautiful story. I too lost my dad to cancer and as I read your words, I could feel myself going through the same feelings, thoughts and anguish. God bless your father and your family. Thank you for sharing your story with us. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: May 31, 2011 at 1:55 pm Youre very welcome Nancy. This was Mariannes story. My father died 14 years ago after a week-long battle with pneumonia, so Mariannes piece spoke loudly to me. Im so glad it is being appreciated. Log in to Reply Alejandra Leiva says: October 6, 2016 at 10:43 am Hi The Essay Expert, I was wondering how I can submit a question about some words. Here I have one: Do we stand in the snow or on the snow? Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: October 6, 2016 at 11:12 am Hi Alejandra! If you are standing on top of the snow, in snow shoes or skis for instance, you would be standing on the snow. If you are waist-deep in snow you would be standing in the snow. Or if you are in a snowstorm you would be in the snow. I hope that helps! Log in to Reply Alejandra Leiva says: October 6, 2016 at 4:27 pm Awesome that helps a lot! Could you help me with another question? Which of these is correct? Or what do they mean? count with me count on me Brenda Bernstein says: October 22, 2016 at 6:54 am Count on me means you can rely on me. Count with me would mean something like count to 10 with me! The Essay Expert says: May 31, 2011 at 1:55 pm So true Pedro. Even a week-long battle, like the one my father fought, is a battle indeed. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: May 31, 2011 at 4:40 pm Thank you Jan. Its amazing how many this disease has touched. My heart goes out to you. Log in to Reply

Considering Censorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Considering Censorship - Essay Example The level of censorship imposed or removed by the governing authority depends upon what it considers appropriate for governance in such areas. The rationale for censorship may vary from time to time depending upon the demands of circumstances, one’s level of understanding and its implications. The reactions to censorship vary from individual to individual. The constitution of the most liberal and democratic countries have provisions for imposing censorship as it becomes a powerful controlling weapon in the hands of the governing authority. Censorship is also like the double-edged sword. Chances of creating unintended, self-inflicted injuries may occur if the situation or the mood of the people is misjudged and unwanted censorship is imposed on their aspirations. The ruler can use censorship as a weapon on some for all time or for all for some time, but not all for all time! History provides enough examples where the pursuers of the hard core policies of censorship are met with tragic end, thus no nation has ever prospered on a permanent footing on hard rules of censorship to govern people. Does censorship concern only the life, living and activities related to human beings? Are the plant and animal kingdom also victims of censorship? I am posted as a Captain in a missile base that concerns the country’s security.

Play and Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Play and Work - Essay Example Really, the working process usually brings much pleasure. As for me, I work to realize my abilities, feel myself significant, not to lose time. The given paper will prove that even the richest people can’t do without everyday work. How do we benefit from work? First of all, work teaches people how to be responsible. This explains why children from comfortable families are eager to work. They want to hold the responsibility for their future and do not want to account only on their parents. The sense of responsibility helps us build a happy family. A person who is not responsible for his/her own life will not be able to become responsible for the family, thus his/her family will not be strong and happy. Moreover, the sense of responsibility of the countries’ citizens is the guarantee of state’s thriving and prosperity. The word â€Å"work† is the antonym to the word â€Å"idleness†, and we know what consequences idleness may have. Even if a person has money and may not work for it, he/she still should take effort to make the money work for him/her. This is also a work that will not allow this person to appear without a penny one day. When a person is doing nothing, it leads to wastefulness and wastefulness in its turn leads to poverty. There are many examples that testify that idleness is destructive. Any amount of money can be easily spent during a short period of time. Thus, even the richest people prefer to work rather than doing nothing. Furthermore, many rich ones know pretty well that it is not very easy to become rich, thus they do their best to save their money and the only way to save it is to continue working. The work helps us be healthy and in a good shape. When we do not work, we are degrading and our personality is not developing. We need constant practice in order to keep the knowledge we once gained. That is why old people prefer to work even after retirement. They do not want to lose the skills and knowledge. Ol d people also state that working after retirement help them feel young and healthy. Every work is beneficial. Unfortunately, in our society people prefer to respect only intellectual work. It is valued high and, thus, brings more money. Certainly, intellectual work demands getting an appropriate education, therefore many people do their best and sacrifice much in order to receive a good education. However, I consider manual work to be not less important. In the article "brains as well as brawn" Mike Rose talks about the injustice that presents in our society. The author shares the feelings he had watching a carpenter working: â€Å"I am watching a carpenter install a set of sliding French doors in a tight wall space. He stands back, surveying the frame, imagining the pieces as he will assemble them. What angle is required to create a threshold that will shed water? Where might the sliding panels catch or snag? How must the casings be remade to match the woodwork in the rest of the room? And how can he put it all together fast enough and smart enough to make his labor pay?† (Rose 337). Here we can see that the work of carpenter is really difficult and unique, it demands much efforts. Unfortunately, nobody thinks about it and nobody notices his work. In our modern world everybody wants to become an economist, a manager, a translator, but there are few people who value manual work. We prefer to value the work of accountant or a doctor, but never notice the work of, for example, a waitress and the number of tasks she has to implement: