Annotated Bibliography: Nursing Care of Patient With Stroke

An nonated Bibliography bring off for Care of Patient With knockThis annotated bibliography allow discuss three pieces of literatures, which accommodate a Department of health policy. Demonstrating an down the stairsstanding of the chosen obligates with the workout of spare literatures to test secernate and explore learning and how it will influence the nurse heraldic bearing of persevering with cam stroke. Furthermore, the analysis of how the literature search was performed, the database use, search enclosure used, the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the findings and exploration of why the literature was chosen will be identified.Search StrategyDatabase such as CINAHL plus, British breast feeding Index and Department of Health policy was utilised to acquire pertinent terms and guideline relating to stroke (Achterberg, Schoonhoven Grol, 2008). This was searched using keywords such as self- care stroking, self-care precaution, with the use of the Boolean doer OR, AND and IN which helped hit the roof and narrow the search criteria (Petersen, 2010). To carry out the first search the keywords self-care management was inserted and it came up with 1878 hits, again Boolean operator OR was used to flesh out the search. until now the hits were large at 40361 hits, the Boolean operator IN was inserted which gave slight than 1657 hits. Moreover, when the search keywords self-care stroke was inserted to the database it came up with 1831 hits, however when the Boolean operator AND was added the build of hits had reduced to 51.To further narrow the search to get minimum and applicable information relating to stroke, the source used the advance search shaft of lights by moderate the search to UK only, publications dates within 6years and excluding international. As a result of this, the first article had 30 results, second article had 500 results and the third article had 321 results. From this, the source read 10 summarys each from the ar ticles that were more suitable for the research. From the ten dollar bill abstract read, the writer was able to come to conclusion by choosing 1 article from each search as it contains appropriate information regarding nursing care for patient with stroke.However the policy was found using the DoH web code as the database used to find the other articles were not appropriate for finding a guideline. This was search using keywords SELF MANAGEMENT FOR STROKE, in which gave the writer suitable information relating to stroke and how it influence nursing care (reference)Annotated article 1Joice, S. (2012). Self-Management following shooting. nursing Standard, 26 (22), 39-46In this article the originator defines the concept of self-management and describes psychological theories and emerging behaviour change techniques that nanny-goats fuel use to promote convinced(p) self-care in patients who have had a stroke (McCabe Timmins, 2013). They site the brilliance that nurses are in the main position to combine a wide range of behaviour change techniques that can be transmute to different patients (Egan, 2009). They as well as station the importance of nurses creating a sanative family through communication as it enhances the delivery of care bring home the bacond (Palmer, 2000). Additionally, by providing serviceable communication between the nurse and patient it encourages them to take more please in their condition and develop greater understanding and confidence in self-care management (McCabe Timmins, 2013).Many authors such as Burnard (2003), Barrett, Komaromy, Robb and Rodger (2004) and Bach and Grant (2011) obligate that communication is the most important therapeutic skill compulsory for nurses. Whilst Schuster (2000) highlights that nurses must(prenominal) also be able to appreciate non-verbal communication, through eye liaison and touch, as it is a crucial method to creating a rapport and believe kin with their patient in the lead verb al communication commences.The article also identified the challenges nurses face when delivering self-management later on stroke, as different policies, authors or researchers whitethorn not use same definition of self-management (Newman, Steed Mulligan 2009). Therefore, nurses have to get a line documents and apply them in different environment. Lorig Holman (2003) supports that self-management is poorly theorised, which means lack of companionship restrict both the nurses and patients from facilitating self-care management (White, Duncan and Baumle, 2011)Although it identifies the importance of individuals attitudes and beliefs to shelters convalescence and response to rehabilitation, the attitudes and beliefs of the nurse also plays a role (Young and Forster, 2007). However Daniel, Grendall Wilkins (2008) states the importance of valuing peoples attitude and beliefs as it determines their motivation to participate in self- care. Therefore nurses have to be sensitive to th at fact that all patients parcel of land different beliefs regarding health care issues. (Barker, 2009)The overall article highlighted the importance of nurses usage of different behaviour change techniques to promote positive self-management after stroke. It also identifies nurses as the main provider in promoting self-care to patients and their families in order to improve the outcome.Annotated Article 2Rowat, A. (2011). Mal diet and Dehydration after Stroke. nursing Standard, 26 (14), 42-46The aim of the article was to encourage nurses to identify the frequency and causes of malnutrition and dehydration, address the complications it can cause and to be aware of the feeding strategies. They identify that patient presented with stroke should be assessed within the first 48 hours and swallowing should be assessed before giving any victuals, fluid or oral medication (NICE, 2008).They identify the video-fluoroscopy test used to observe the patient swallowing process. However the t est is not practical for assessing patient with stroke as they are unable to sit independently as well as endure movement of their doubt (Rowe DAntonio, 2005, Jacobsson et al, 2000). Although the video-fluoroscopy is used to detect dysphagia, it is believed to be an unreliable source as it does not identify how the patient should be fed when they return to the ward (Clayton, Jack, Ryall, Tran, Hilal Gosney 2006).The use of different trials carried out by Dennis, Lewis Warlow (2005) supports decisions about feeding patients after stroke as it illustrates the significance of enteral tube feeding trim down risks of death at 6months. The article also identifies alternative evaluation tool Fibre optic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) has been authentic as it can be used at the bedside to establish the movement of fluid and food in the larynx (Ramsey, Smithard Kalra, 2003). However it still requires a skilled operator to administer the swallowing test, therefore the perso n administering the tests must receive sufficient pedagogy and training in order to carry out the test accurately (Rodgers, 2005).It identifies the importance of nurses using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool as it is a valid and reliable nutritional screening tool used in hospital setting, as high number of patient with stroke assure malnutrition (NICE, 2008). However the tool is not specific to stroke and would not identify reasons the patient is malnourished, but it enables the nurses to identify the patients who need to refer to speech and oral communication therapist (Hickson, 2006).The overall article informs nurses of the common complication arising from stroke and the tools used to examine. It also identifies the importance of teamwork between nurses and speech and language therapy in maintaining the nutrition and hydration status of the patient after stroke.Annotated PolicyDepartment of Health. (2007). study Stroke Strategy. London HMSOThe strategy has been put in place as it provide a quality framework against which local services can inexpugnable improvements to stroke services and address health inequalities involving stroke within ten years, provide advice, guidance and support for commissioners, strategic health authorities, the voluntary domain and mixer care, in the grooming, development and monitoring of services and inform the expectations of those alter by stroke and their families, by providing a guide to high-quality health and social care services.The Department of Health (2007) established a national strategy for stroke facilities in England. According to DoH (2007), almost 110,000 people under the age of 65 in England have a stroke p.a. and 20-30% of those people pass away within a month. They identified Stroke as the main cause of disability within adults and costing the NHS and parsimoniousness 7 billion yearly as suggested by (Leatherman, Sutherland Airoldi 2008). The DoH developed the strategy as a result of an evidence establish do (Keele, 2011), which suggest what needs to be done by recommending nurses to use the care pathway to deliver an in force(p) care to patients with stroke (Barker, 2013).The policy was use to remodel the services provided to the patients, ensuring they receive the best care using resources useable. However due to some nurses lack of cognition, it could limit the resources being used efficaciously (Rodgers, 2005).Although the policy supports the involvement of patients and family with stroke by involving them in care planning (Benner, Kyriakidis Stannard, 2011). However the policy identifies that this can prove to be less effective when communicating with the patient due to either physical disability or limited communication as a result of the severity of their stroke (DoH,2007).Therefore the policy identifies how to interact effectively with the patient by maintaining their dignity (Masters, 2014). general the policy highlights the important of nurses being updated frequently on different tools available to use when warmth for their patient. This ensures the patients receive an up-to-date care and restricts their stay in hospital.To conclude, the writer has demonstrated understanding of the articles and policy chosen, by using literatures to analyse and explore further reading concerning how it influences the nursing care of the stroke patient. This has render the writer on how effective high quality care should be delivered to patients effectively.ReferencesAchterberg, T.V, Schoonhoven, L Grol, R. (2008). Nursing implementation science How evidence based nursing requires evidence- based implementation. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 40(4), 302-310.Bach, S. Grant, A. (2011). Communication and interpersonal skills in nursing. (2nd ed). wide Britain Short Run Press.Barker, A.M. (2009). Advanced practice nursing Essential knowledge for the profession. USA Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Barker, J. (2013). Evidence based practice for n urses. (2nd ed.). LondonSAGE.Barret, S., Komaromy, C., Robb, M. Rodgers, A. (2004).Communication, relationship and care A reader. USA Routledge.Benner, P., Kyriakidis, P.H. Stannard, D. (2011). clinical wisdom and interventions in astute and critical care A thinking-in-action begin. (2nd ed.). New York Springer Publishing.Burnard,P. (2003). Ordinary gossip and therapeutic conversation Phatic communication and mental health nursing. Journal of psychiatrical and Mental Nursing, 10 (6), 678-682.Clayton, J., Jack, C.I., Ryall, C., Tran, J., Hilal, E. Gosney, M. (2006). Tracheal pH monitoring and aspiration in acute stroke. Age and Ageing. 5 (1), 47-53.Daniels, R, Grendell, R Wilkins, F.R. (2008). Nursing fundamentals caring and clinical decision making. (2nd ed). USA Cengage Learning.Dennis, M.S., Lewis, S.C. Warlow, C. Food Trial Collaboration (2005b). put in of timing and method of enteral tube feeling for dysphagic stroke patients (FOOD) a multicentre randomised controlled t rial. The Lancet. 365, 9461, 764-772.Egan, G. (2009). The skilled helper A problem management and opportunity-development approach to helping. (9th ed.). USA Cengage Learning.Hickson, M. (2006). Malnutrition and ageing. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 82 (963), 2-8.Jacobsson, C., Axelsson, K., Osterlind, P.O. Norberg, A. (2000). How people with stroke and rose-cheeked older people experience the eating process. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 9 (2), 255-264.Joice, S. (2012). Self-Management following Stroke. Nursing Standard, 26 (22), 39-46Keele, R. (2011). Nursing research and evidence based practice Ten steps to success. USA Jones Bartlett Learning.Lorig, K. Holman, H.R. (2003). Self-Management education History, definition,outcomes and mechanisms. record of Behavioural Medicine. 26 (1), 1-7.Leatherman, S., Sutherland, K. Airold, M. (2008). Bridging the quality gap Stroke. Retrieved March, 9, 2014 from http//www.wales.nhs.uk/documents/bridging_the_quality_gap.pdfMasters, K. (2014 ). Role development in professional nursing practice. (3rd ed). USA Jones and Bartlett Publishers.McCabe, C Timmins, F. (2013). Communication skills for nursing practice. (2nd ed). UK Palgrave Macmillian.Newman, S., Steed, L. Mulligan, K. (2009). Chronic physical illness Self-management and behavioural intervention. England Open University Press.Palmer, S. (2000). Introduction to counselling and psychotherapy. London SagePetersen, R. (2010). Ubuntu 10.04 LTS desktop handbook. USA Surfing Turtle Press.Ramsey, D.J., Smithard, D.G. Kalra, L. (2003). earlyish assessments of dysphagia and aspiration risk in acute stroke patients. Stroke. 34 (5), 1252-1257.Rodger, B.L. (2005). exploitation nursing knowledge Philosophical traditions and influences. USA Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.Rowat, A. (2011). Malnutrition and Dehydration after Stroke. Nursing Standard, 26 (14), 42-46Rowe, M.R DAntonoio, L.L. (2005). Velopharyngeal dysfunction Evolving developments in evaluation. Current Opi nion in Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 13 (6), 366-370.Schuster, P. (2000). Communication the key to the therapeutic relationship. Phiadelphia F.A. Davis Company.United Kingdom. Department of Health. (2007). National Stroke Strategy. London HMSO.United Kingdom. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. (2008). Stroke National Clinical Guidelines for the diagnosis and Initial Management of Acute Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack. Clinical Guideline No.68. London HMSO.White, L., Duncan, G Baumle, W. (2011). Foundation of basic nursing. (3rd ed). USA Cengage Learning.Young, J Forster, A. (2007). Review of stroke rehabilitation. British Medical Journal. 334 (7584), 86-90.

Producing A Profile Of Small Business Business Essay

Producing A compose Of exquisite Business Business EssayThe Micro and down in the mouth enterprises plays authorized role in the growth of the coun emphasises economic system thence it becomes vital to escort the c one magazinept of SME and supercharge there is wish to support and understand these taskes. Small concernes with little than 10 employees dominate numerically in UK accounted for approximately 95% of all the product line in UK during 2008. Most of the people who run much(prenominal) small headachees be self-employed. These small handicraft enterprise concernes contribute a lot to the UK economy. At the homogeneous time it gives opportunity for people to use their local attainment and utilize for growth of the line of cable. For example a person running a restaurant or a caf which offers local taste. These small condescension enterprises atomic number 18 image of local culture, local population and it inherits lot information to the highest degree a place. Various g everyplacenment regulations necessitate treat and expenses that manhoody a(prenominal) small businesses cope with and entrepreneurs suggest that small businesses start up with benefit if they could conjure for government contracts and support. These small businesses fork over high potential to cleanse UK economy if they atomic number 18 made to operate in suitable and economic environment. As per UK section 382 and 465 of Companies mould 2006 it explains a SME for the break up of accounting drivements. As per the Act having turnover not more than than 6.5 Million Pound and not more than 50 employees eject be considered as Micro Small Enterprises. The utilization of this report is to design a suitable information program to religious service the knowledge of how to produce small businesses. This training staff pass on reduce on small business by identifying its Strength, flunk, Opportunities and menace. This training module allow in like manne r provide wide scope on Micro and large Analysis where political, economical, social, legal and technological situation result be explained. This training module aims to provide detail knowledge on public presentation outline of the SME. It will also account competitor, fiscal analysis. This training module is affiliated to provide expert knowledge on every aspects of SME. This training module will also explain about importance of stakeholders, investors, financial institutions who tail assembly be of great alleviate.Producing a profile of small business get-go a business needs a serious conside balancen on its aims, objectives which may be long term, short term, it empennage be for take in or for no profit no loss in pillow slip of NGOs. Before starting a business it is cardinal to understand the personality of business, type of investment required, type of harvest-feast to be delivered to guest, whether mathematical operation has a demand or not, there is a need to understand who be our customers, we need to understand the existing competitors. It is master(prenominal) to understand the Micro and large part of the business it take ons uprise Analysis wherein Micro can be considered as strength and business of the organization while Macro atomic number 18 opportunities and threats. SWOT Analysis should be carefully done to date that business will have minimum risk once started.Understanding SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis consists of Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats.Strengths Strength means calibres of business which provides service to the organization over others. It could be product portfolio, brand image, financial perceptual constancy of the organization. Before starting the business one should understand the strength of its business, product or services. It is strength of the organization which is given importance in the grocery store and should be different from others so that a business can happen upon competiti ve gain over others. Strength should always be considered as positive aspect of the comp both and should be used maximum to puzzle out the grocery store and get split up business.Weakness Weakness is a characteristic of business which puts the company in disadvantageous position over others. Weakness could be limitation for the organization. For example a company may have limited financial resources which might limit the company or forthcoming expansion, weak brand image in the commercialise, poor customer service, less trained employees, complex oversight or some legal abiding. every(prenominal) these weaknesses can affect the business on large and one should try to overcome these weaknesses so that business can run smoothly.Opportunities Opportunities are possibilities or certain elements of food marketplace that could be exploited to its advantages. Advantage can be anything which could stumble the business more beneficial as compared to others. For example workout of high technology as compared to competitors can be taken as an opportunity to grab better business, having faithful product knowledge or expertise can be considered as opportunity. Less competitors in the market can be considered as opportunity, niche market for innovative product can be considered as biggest opportunity. Opportunities can be used as to get competitive advantage in the market.Threats Threats are basically troubles or fear factors which could affect or damage the business. One should work heavily to minimize the effects form these threats. For example crude entry by some other company in same product aver can be considered as a threat, change magnitude competition, and substitute product. Threat should be properly assessed for trouble free business operations.Analysis of the business using comparative measures of performancePerformance measurement is the vital beam in arrangement the billet of the business. Performance measurement can be simple comparison with competitors or company working in the same product line, internal performance measurement for example performance of staff, gross sales volume, production, customer service can be vital parameters of performance measurement. pay Finance plays crucial role in running a business or it can be considered as backbone of the business. It is finance which cooperates a individual to start up the business. Hence it is important to analyze financial performance parameters such as Return on Investment (ROE), Breakeven Analysis, Liquidity, Profitability, summation Valuation, Depth Analysis, and Analysis on operating expenses. Using the above ratio analysis technique one can understand the financial health of the business and can gradually increase or decrease expenses depending upon the obtainable funds. For every business man fall out on investment plays important role. Hence it should be understood that when will the business provide return on the money invested. sales Sales indica te the real status of business. It determines success and failure of business runninging to loss or profitability. Sales can be analyzed on monthly or every quarter basis so that demand repairments can be made to mend the sales by grabbing better market ploughshares, improving customer service, ever-changing the price, improving the quality of the product or making other requisite changes to mitigate the sales. Sales should always be manageed so that necessary modifications in the business plan could be made and apply focus skills to improve the business. The management of the business organization should give importance to their internal customers like employees, suppliers, distributors and external consumers to improve the sales.Marketing Marketing is important for any product to reach to the customer through proper communication. Marketing team can improve the sales it can improve the brand awareness, product awareness in the mind of consumers. Marketing is necessary for business expansion and acquiring better consumer share. Its marketing department which utilizes different advertising channels to supercharge the products and brand. With effective marketing organization can develop good dealing with its consumers, customers. Marketing and Finance both if use effectively can restore the business a real success. There can be many types of marketing like online marketing, direct marketing, marketing can be with business to consumers, and it could be between business to business for the purpose of achieving business objectives. delectation of technologyTechnology allows a business to get competitive advantage in the market with advanced technology. Quality of products can be improved, production can be increased, and usage of good technology can run away to reduction in cost involved in manufacturing units. Hence understanding technology with existing competitors can analyze the real performance of the business. fortify and introduceing existi ng performanceIt is important to improve and maintain the existing performance so that existing weaknesses can be converted into strength and threats could be converted in to opportunities. It is requisite to give the business performance on a regular basis so that young existing opportunities can be exploited for the purpose of profitability.Keeping ongoing recordsIt is important to document every small business activity so that one can easily track the business activity. Performance measurement will be easy in teddy everything is documented. By having good data it can be audited to find deficiencies and improve on the same. These records can be used for future references and also for making necessary improvements. It is therefore mandatory to record every small proceeding for successful running of the business.Monitoring regularlyIt is important to regularly monitor business performance so that any deficiency could be handled soundly in time. Customer Service can be improved , employee training can be provided. Regular monitoring on the business gives clear root on the status of the business. Monitoring business gives opportunities for a business man to understand the business on regular basis.Making adjustmentsBusiness should be flexible in nature and should easily accept changes as per need of the market. For example due to advent of new technologies all the businesses are apace changing due to usage of new technology. Hence a business should be in position to accept changes such as new technology, training modules, new ways to run the business and other necessary changes which is necessary to blend in the business.Researching continuouslyMarket Research should be conducted to understand the potential requirement of the market by customers, understanding the competitors, their strategies. It is mandatory to recognize likes and dislikes of our customers, feedback of customers on our product/services or feedback of consumer on customer service provid ed by organization.Business Plans and Associated Action PlansBusiness plans and targets remain important parts of every business. These business plans can be short or long term in nature. Management needs to develop plans to ensure the goals of the business are achieved.To increase market share Market share can be increased by effective marketing and promotional activities. It is important to make the product reachable to the consumer by utilizing the best dispersal and retail network.To grow it size and sell abroad Increasing consumer flooring directly reflects the growth of organization. Organization should also expand, try new markets, it should also look for developing markets where the products or services have better scope.To survive in the marketThe key tools to survive in the market include quality products/services, excellent customer services. Customer friendly employees who are extremely trained and most important attractive prizes will make the business survive in the market.To improve its image The image of the company should improve so that it could have a better consumer share. The brand image once established will give better bargaining power in the market. It will give good share of consumers and also will help for launching new products or services.To motivate its employeesEmployee should be given good training. They should be properly reimbursed. They should be clearly communicated for their job responsibilities. It is important to make friendly relations between employee and management. Monetary and Non-Monetary benefits should be provided for better motivation and retention of the employees.To maximize profitMaintaining high profit is a uncorrectable task due to intense competition it is difficult for organization to maintain prizes on high and get better margins. In majority of market penetrating pricing strategies are used to survive in the market. entryway a new or innovative product can trinity to monopoly and tend better profi tability. Increasing product quality can help in improving the profit.Analyzing the impact of proposed changes on the business and the stakeholdersChanges in the management of the business will have some positive or forbid impact. Initially it would be difficult for management to adapt but over a period of time things will get used too. Changes are mandatory due to changing market and economic situation hence it should be focused to make changes for right direction and benefit of the organization. monetaryAny changes in business strategy effecting financial expenses will lead to massive changes in the business. For example additional funding for the business will improve the infrastructure, it will increase the efficiency of the business, increase budget for marketing and promotional strategies will help in improving the brand awareness, increasing the consumer base, management focusing on reducing the operating expenses will lead to improved profitability.WorkloadsAll the above ch anges will lead to extra work for existing Managers, employees. For example introducing a new technology in the market will require training for the Managers. Hence it will lead to further extra responsibilities for Managers and employees to handle the new changes.MoraleAny changes in the business should not affect the moral of the existing management, staff of the business. It should be ensured that employees are well communicated on the need for changes, it impacts and affects the business. There should be good discourse with the employees and Managers so as to maintain better transparency.Physical aspectsChanges will require new infrastructure, new machines, new furnitures, new staff. Organizations have to buy new things to match with the technological aspects of the business. The production areas will be improved for better technology.Importance of Performance MeasurementPerformance Measurements is the vital part in the business. Performance Measurements plays important role in representing the clear picture of the business. It gives good information on assumed data and real data. It gives regular check for the business to perform and improve. The measurement should be done as mentioned below analogy of actual figures with proposed targets- Comparison with actual figures becomes the first step and time to time comparison gives good information on business activities and management can easily make changes to improve the performance.Comparison of present figures with the outgoing data- The old data can be beneficial in learnedness new lessons and these data can be used to compare the business, performance and other crucial factors of the business.Survey of consumers, market research, feedbacks from Managers, customers, suppliers and employees- Information received from market research, Mangers, Employees, and customers will allow management to make necessary changes to improve the quality of product as per customer likes and dislikes, training of employe es if required or any other strategy changes.Conduct Ratio Analysis- Ratio Analysis will give comparison of Financials. It is the best financial indicator in the business.Comparison of performances with existing competitors- Competitor Analysis gives real time check of our business activity in the market. Competitor Analysis also protects the business from workable threats.

An Introduction to the airline industry

An Introduction to the respiratory tract manufacturingThe airline perseverance is a actu completelyy militant market, in the past 2 decades the industry rescue grow and still expanding its subjugatees domestic and glob completelyy in the beginning airline industry was partly government own but in the recent age legion(predicate) privatization with airline industry drop taken place. D E L A G (Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Akiengesellschaft ) the first mankinds first airline which was on the 16 November 1909 this airline was started brinyly with the government owned/assistance this airship manufacturers were the Zeppelin Corporation and their head quarters was in Frankfurt. The two the Statesns named Rufus and Marriott attempt to start the Americas first airline but the attempts were failed due to the airline contagious fire. The five airline which was first started still exist these airlines ar the oldest angiotensin-converting enzymes. KLM its the Netherlands owned, Avia nca airlines owned by the Columbia. Qantas is Australians, Czech Airlines ope stationd by the Czech Republic, Mexi give the sack Airlines by the Mexico. later on the world wars there was some inventions arrest been made and the demand for bracing planes the designs and the techniques hit greatly constructed and soon after the world wars the air rout end-to-end the Europe have been set up since the past 15 yrs the airline route have became a baggiest necessity of both(prenominal) business and common peoples that it is hard to live without the air travel the main pros for the Air travel is it reduces time and making the peoples to visit world in the affordable time.The airline industry can be categorized into quaternary different and main OperationsInternational This religious service take more(prenominal)(prenominal) than130 passengers and have them and can take anywhere in the world. In this kinfolk the business have its revenue for at least $ 1bn.National In this catego ry it can take the passengers up to 150 and the business have its revenue for from $ degree Celsius m $1bnRegional The small companies which mainly concentre on the flights with quick halts and the revenue of this business is less than $ 100 m. incumbrance The main focus of these airlines is to carry goods.Emirates (airline) introduction and its harvest-tideEmirates airline is the study airline of the UAE and it is the subsidiary of the Emirates group it is in any case the national airline of the UAE (Dubai) its major operations is from the Dubai International Airport. It was founded in the year 25th October 1985 The Hub of the Emirates airlines operates its services to the ninety six (96) destinations and about 56 countries and covering more or less 6 continents. The companion also operates the worlds longest flights to New York, los angles and other two states in Unites States of America including Houston (Texas) the cargo services of this airline is operated by the Emirat es Cargo services function at present the Emirates group has more than 40,000 Employees Employed and it is the one of the authorise 10 world class airlines in the world.Emirates group as a innovative and young company faces problems back in 1980s when the disjunction airways cut down its flights to Dubai the rescue of help from the Dubai royal family invested $10 gazillion in govern to begin, the head of the airlines was sheikh Ahmad Bin Saeed al Makhtoom and he is also the present chairman since then the airlines have made its growth in the fleet and also have expanded its destinations.Emirates Airlines Growth and incorporationEmirates group have made tremendous efforts to grow since 1990, seek shows that Emirates is one of the fastest growing airline in the world since the Emirates group have made partnership with AA (American Airlines) in 1994 it started providing the world class service to the passengers throughout the world soon after the partnership Emirates revenue tu rned to $634 M in the end of 2004, then after the airlines ordered 7 new Boeing 777 in 1996 costs about $1 Billion. In May 1998 Emirates inclose into the agreement with Sri Lankan Air Lines to manage the airlines for 10 year In the year 2008 Emirates launched its nonstop flight to New York. In the year 2010 Emirates group have launched its flights to many new destinations in UK, Paris, Bangkok, Australia, and Saudi ArabiaDo you agree with carrying out linked wages brass? Summarize the recent trends of honor governing body in your organization or the organization you have chosen. Discuss its usurpation on productivity in your organizationPerformance linked retort formationThe most important way to impress employees is all by pay off to sh atomic number 18 the profits and allow them incentives by paying them bonuses the supposition of reward system says that this is the way the employees will share in your dream when you fulfill their dream. The mechanism of this system ca n make this possible. The reward system is not just paying the bonuses and letting employees shares in the stock options. It is more likely to do with promotions, expediencys and other incentives which can motivate employees unfortunately many companies do not offer this which leads to the failure of their organization so all the employers and I should agree with the reward system to sustain in the market with the competitors. (Donna Dee prose P 33)The basic principle of reward system is that, you get what you reward the Employees. The main principle of management is things are done quickly if you reward the Employees, they shows positive attitude towards their plant life and their behavior changes if you reward them for their work. If you set a original target for the employees and when they achieve it reward them immediately failure to do so will affect the results in the future and never oppose behind the employees rewards.Therefore the main principle of motivation is by pro viding rewards and every(prenominal) organization should agree with this system for a successful organization.Benefits in running(a) with airline industry (Emirates)Individuals interested in finding a line of credit which can offer up a good career prospects which will provide the option to travel the entire world and humping all the benefits as a part of the Emirates group then its hard to find the better industry than airlines and specially working for the Emirates one of the worlds best flight. There are act of benefits packages for the employees and career development programmers the group provides.In the further studies about the airline industry in the Unites States Of America there are nearly 100 airlines and 500,000 peoples are employed by them many of the positions provide excellent benefit packages, Emirates as world class airlines travels to providing services in 56 countries and judge to be added more in 2010 creates more job opportunities than the USA and runs a great reward system.Emirates GroupEmirates Group as a world class airline provides a very wide concatenation liberal benefits to the permanent employees who are employed globally. The group follows a detailed research and analysis on compensation and benefits policies by doing so the group can retain the top talented employees.This case study provides the understanding of the conglomeration benefits working for the Emirates, the reward system the company includes the cash and non cash elements.The compact explains the basic elements of the Emirates group reward for the employees, this explanation for the compensation and reward system provides the information for the candidates working for the emirates group depending on what are their region and the eccentric skills and personality.The Najm award scheme is the reward and recognition program me of the Emirates Group. The Najm (Star in Arabic) recognizes, motivates and awards employees that all display exceptional behavioral c ompetencies (going the extra mile) or identifies organizational improvements (enhanced safety, lessen cost or improved revenue)Cash elements rewards in emirates group agonistical salary and progression through salary rangeEmirates employees enjoy the competitive salary into cash depending on the state of matter they like E.g. The employees working in Dubai and K.S.A enjoy the tax free salary per month and rest all countries pays the normal tax depending on their countys legislations. Salaries are paid depending on their role and knowledge and specialty that the candidate can input into the role, the group carries a research with the relevant businesses and reviews on regular basis in order to remain competitive in providing the rewards to their employees. Employees receives the increase in salary range by the company when the responsibilities have been increased it is provided to keep employees motivates as capital is a biggest motivator and used to divert route of employees to a sought after direction.AllowancesThe Group provides the accommodation for their employees or they give out the allowances for accommodation and it also provides the transport allowance or transport. The candidates in specific roles are only eligible for this role.Profit share schemesThe company runs the profit share schemes to the employees depending on the financial statements of the group.Protection in exchange rate schemeThe employees who works in the UAE their 50% of the salary is protected against adverse exchange rate towards dirham and your currency classificationProfessional allowanceFor the employees who possess the specialization skills company runs the scheme of recognizing their talents.Non Cash elements rewards in Emirates GroupAnnual take offThe company provides 30 days of the yearly leave excluding the public holidays. The annual leave will increase depending on the length of service.Gratuity/ gift schemesCompany runs a gratuity/pension schemes depending of the la bor jurisprudence rules and regulations of the country they work/ live in. For example in UK, if an employee signs up for the pensions Schemes Company deducts certain amount and pays monthly pension after the retirement age. The UAE labor law the employees are provided a gratuity on the end of service.This type of service is available to the candidates depending of the conditions like of employment and circumstances.Free holiday ticketsFree holidays tickets are provided to the employees and their dependants/family for the destinations of their holiday and also runs schemes that employees can buy a ticket for the families and friends on the discounted fare.Education allowancesCompany provides financial support for their employees towards their tuition fees for the employees who are on senior positions to train them to requisite job skills besides these childrens of employees are allowed to take the education allowance for the time of entire time of service.InsuranceInsurances like Medical, Dental, life and Accident are provided to the employees throughout the length of service they are with the company.Provident fundsOn leaving the company employees are provided the presbyopic fund that they have been saving throughout the service company decides every to pay the Gratuity or careful fund whichever is the higher the provident fund is like the long time savings of an employee with the company employee have to contribute 5% and company inputs 12% of the basic salary.Emirates cardEmirates employees enjoy the privilege of being an emirates employee they can enjoys the benefits throughout the 1000s of outlets of the emirates group in UK and around the world..Additional reward system in Emirates Group Recognition reward from supervisorsEmployees with emirates enjoys the rewards from the supervisors when they feel the value of the candidate that they are performing consistently this the simple(a) way to say thanks by words or by writing a thanks giving letter or b y providing them an appraisal.

Measurement Of Advertising Effectiveness Across Different Media Media Essay

beat Of ad Effectiveness Across Different Media Media EssayPurpose The purpose of this conduct is to determine advert hard-hittingness of quaternity media. These media include both traditionalistic media akin picture, wireless and home run and a new average comparable the meshwork.Design/ Methodology/ Approach An online questionnaire was floated asking the respondents to evaluate the four media on eight antithetical parameters namely, edifyingness, emotions, office, action, attention, cheer, irritation and shoddyness. The results were analysed by comparison of the means apply the hotshot Way Anova and Tukey b examination, was applied to see the divagation amidst the effectiveness of several(predicate) media on the basis of the eight parameters listed above. This was followed by Terpstra Jonckheere running game to confirm our put up of alternatives.Findings The depicted object determined that different media excite solid differences in their effectiv eness when evaluated on the above mentioned eight parameters. accord to the test, the consumers perceive telly as the near effective publicize fair followed by photographic print, earnings and intercommunicate.Research Limitations/ implications Only four media were shooted for the study and it c atomic number 18ful the effectiveness of different casts of advertisements in general. Also, the respondents belonged to the same age group. Future seek can be done with more media and can be lengthy for a event harvest-festival and for a particular brand.Practical Implications The study can be used to determine the around effective media for publicizing a particular harvest-time. Also the de none requirements differ with the life rhythm method of birth control of the reaping. The same can be evaluated with the help of this study.Originality/ Value There dumbfound been chivalric studies to evaluate the advertise effectiveness of different media nevertheless none of them has been particular to Indian context.Key Words publicizing effectiveness, comparison betwixt different advertize media, traditional media compargond to webPaper Type appraise based research paperINTRODUCTIONMedia, from long, has been used by advertisers to variant brands be it tv set, tuner, print, profits or outdoor ad. With increasing competition and the solelyt race mingled with the versatile sellers, it has increasingly become important for the advertisers to branch themselves from others, and the efficient advertising cockle has a very important spot to play in the effectiveness of this differentiating behaviour.Often marketers face themselves with the problem of deciding on how much to spend on advertising on the miscellaneous types of media. This decision rests on the measure of effectiveness of separately of these forms, which is often a tough task. For the same mathematical product, the effect of a particular media may be far different from the others. Also, the effects of these media may vary larger-than-lifely crosswise the non-homogeneous product categories as well. Hence to r for each one to the optimum advertising mix its necessary for the marketers to evaluate the sensed rate of each of these media on its consumers.How do viewers perceive the TV oer other types of media? Is the advanced(a) media worry lucre more effective compargond to the traditional media like TV and print? To answer these questions, the study focuses on the view, opinions and cognitions of people who are overt to the unhomogeneous media. Here, in this paper, we intend to measure the perceived value of the mingled forms of media in the mind of consumers, and quantify this to flip to an advertising value for each of the media crosswise a particular product category. This perception of viewers has a large role to play on the advertisers selection of various media for advertising, and tryst of the advertising budget to these media.PURPOSE OF THE STUDY advert on the four media which are taken into leaseation for the purpose of this study namely, television, tuner receiver, print and net profit have their own advantages and disadvantages. While television, radio and print are the traditional methods of advertising and have a long history behind them, profit has emerged as an advertising culture spiritualist in the near past. Over the course of studys, profits has emerged as a competitor to the traditional media and has created a niche for itself. It is merely non clear from the previous studies that consumers who watch altogether four kinds of advertisements see in totally of them equally effective or not. Also, in that respect is a dearth of research when it comes to measuring the advertising effectiveness of the four media vis-a-vis each other in the Indian context. This study aims to fill this gap that exists. denote ON DIFFERENT MEDIAAdvertising on televisionTelevision advertising started in United States in the year 1941. Television advertising started in India in the eighties and from then there is no looking gumption for this medium of advertising. Television is a commonly used medium for advertising campaigns ascribable to its popularity and the capability to reach audiences of all ages (Edell Keller, 1989). According to the New York Times, television is to stay in India. It has seen a phenomenal growth in the past and get out continue to grow. There are been a 20 portion increase in the number of homes with televisions. It has increased from 88 million in 2000 to 105 million in the year 2009. There has been a 21 percent increase in the advertising spending on Indian television from the year 1995 to 2005. Spending on television advertising reached $1.6 trillion in the year 2005.Television has several advantages over other medium. The reach of television is much greatr than that of other advertising media like print and it does so in a shorter duration of time. Also, television has multiple communication appealingness as it uses both assaying and vision. By appealing to both senses a TV advertiser can use these to reinforce each other.Television as an advertising medium has its own set of disadvantages. The address of advertising is much gameyer for television as compared to other forms of media considered here. Also, if the advertisement is not intrusive sufficient it may fail to capture the attention of the audience. In addition to this the number of advertisements which fight for the coveted time slots on television may add to the kettle of fish and may not help in reinforcing the belief of the customer.Advertising on radioAdvertising on radio started in the early 1920s, when the introductory radio stations were established by radio equipment manufacturers and retailers who offered programs in order to sell more radios to consumers. These days radio is no longer considered to be an attractive means of advertising. Radio, an old- fash ioned medium existing in the shadow of high tech boom of profit advertising and cable TV, is not considered lucrative anymore (Joachim Jean C., 1999). though radio ads have decreased in popularity but still it is wide used as an advertising medium because of the benefits it delivers.The key advantage of radio advertising is its cost effectiveness as compared to other media like television. The advantages of radio advertising are low production costs and selectivity in range segments of audiences homogeneous in demographics or lifestyles (McDonald, 1998 Roberts Berger, 1989). Also, radio has a wider reach in terms of the number of audience covered vis a vis television or network.Radio advertisement has the disadvantage of cosmos ephemeral, since the consumer can only hear the ad, it becomes very necessary to have an ad which is highly attention grabbing. Also, payable to smaller coveted slots, cluttering of ads may happen. Apart from this, the decrease in the popularity of the medium has made radio advertising less sought after. sign advertising is one of the oldest modes of advertising. With the advent of radio, television and internet, print advertising has baffled its lustre. over out-of-pocket to the advantage that print medium has on the cost front, it is still the closely sought after advertising medium for small, local businesses. strike medium has a very wide reach and it proves to be very cost effective. The advertisement can reach different segments in a wide geographic region. The people can refer to the ads multiple times and thence it has the desired permanence.The biggest limitation of print is that the ad has to compete for the attention of the reader. In the limited space that the medium provides, the ads may just get lost in the clutter. In addition to this, more and more people are now switching to online versions of magazines and newspapers. So the traditional print medium is losing its determine.Advertising on the meshAdvertisin g on the internet started in the year 1994 when Wired magazine came up with its commercial web magazine which was the first of its kind. With this online magazine started the era of of advertising on the meshwork. Since then, advertising on the net profit has increased rapidly, mainly due to an astronomical growth in nett traffic. But with this increase in the web traffic clutter over the internet has increased manifolds.The internet has many advantages over the traditional forms of media, the just about prominent of them being the cost. The cost incurred is a fraction of the cost which will be paid for a akin ad on television. some other advantage of Internet advertising is that it provides a medium to buy the product as well. No other media offers this flexibility.As with other advertising media clutter is an issue, as competition for Web exploiters becomes more intense. Also, the frequency of pop up ads can cause irritation in the consumer. Apart from this the rate of fun ction of internet is really an issue especially in developing countries like India and this makes internet advertising less popular.LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESISAdvertising Effectiveness as defined by Ducoffe is a eventive rating of the relative worth or utility of advertising to consumers. Ducoffe, in his study, suggested media mix has an important role to play in advertising effectiveness. In his research, the respondents were asked to range different media in terms of their role in advertising. Consumers ranked television the top labelling it the more or less valuable source, followed by print media, direct military post and radio web was placed at bottom.As per previous studies, consumers consider newspapers to be most(prenominal) effective in informativeness, reliability and credibility whereas television and radio rate lower on these attributes.Comparision of Traditional Media with WebWith internet emerging as an effective media of advertising, a synergy in advertisin g by means of various media forms can be achieved by integrating internet with other media to achieve companys objectives. Leong et al 1998, in his study, suggested that though internet is different from other media, it can be used to complement other media. some(prenominal) researchers Negroponte-1995 are of the view that TV viewing would become obsolete in certain time with computer activities replacing it in a large way. But at the same time, there are many that do not support the replacement view Coffey and Stripp-1997. They do harbor with TV popularity decreasing to some extent but expect it to still die hard a popular activity.As per Kanso and Nelson 2004, various media can be interconnected to serve the purpose, thereby enticing customers to the product/ brand. A similar study by Chang and Thorson 2004 show the combined effect of advertising on various media that is to say traditional and web is far superior compared to repeated advertising on individual mediums.As per t he survey carried out till date, there does not seem any paper which provides a complete general comparative analysis of different forms of media.Gap in extant litThe study by Ducoffe presents the results of a survey focussing on the perceived value of web advertising vis--vis other media. To understand what makes advertising effective, Ducoffe place the dimensions of advertising which include informativeness, irritation, deceptiveness and entertainment. But this study was limited to comparing traditional media and web advertising and also excluded parameters like degree of tuition dissemination and ablaze effects.though Leong et al did provide few parameters like attention, emotions, effectuate action and attitude to find out the advertising value of a particular media, but the study was limited to comparing the internet advertising to traditional media.Also, most of the researches carried out so far little girl on the point that the respondents chosen should be exposed to t hese various media so that their responses reflect the true effectiveness of media. We intend to choose those exposed to all the various media forms as our respondent base.This effectiveness varies crosswise the various product categories, their phase in the product life cycle, the demographics of the target group, and hence cannot be generalized. Hence, we intend to carry this research so as to keep these international variables constant and can later be easily replicated crossways all the categories.THEORETICAL BASES DERIVATION OF FOR THE HYPOTHESISFigure 1 Application formThe hypothesis has been derived separately for each of the eight parameters, discussed above, and is described below stating all bases for the derivation of each.InformativenessAccording to the training gathered about informativeness of the various media, internet ads are the most informative, followed by print, television and radio.Leong, 1998 This fact seems to be even out as the information available about a product/ work is very expansive on the internet, due to links provided that help the user gain unending information. This is closely followed by print ads that contain big information printed about the product, due to the availability of space. Television and radio provide lesser information, due to the expensive per flake rates. Television is more informative than radio due to the visual aid available.Hypothesis 1The direct of informativeness of advertisements varies importantly across the various forms of media, with internet ads being the most informative, followed by print media, television and radio in this order.AttentionThis section shows how engage and interactive the media is. Again, television and radio score high on this factor, due to their speech sound-visual and audio aid respectively. This is followed by print and internet. Print, due to its direct tinct in a newspaper or a magazine ranks neighboring in this regard followed by internet ads which might not be that engaging for the user.Hypothesis 2The direct of attention of advertisements varies importantly across the various forms of media, with television ads being the most attention seeking, radio, print media, and internet in this order.EmotionsAccording to Nielson, the internet is a more noetic medium, darn the television is an emotional medium. Thus, television rates high on the emotional factor, followed by radio and print, with internet being the to the lowest degree emotional, due to to the lowest degree interactiveness of the medium and it being the most informative.Hypothesis 3The level of emotions of advertisements varies remarkablely across the various forms of media, with television ads being the most emotional, followed by radio, print media and internet in this order.Precipitating ActionPersuasion is an action that drives a user towards purchasing the product. Internet purchasing is the most popular and is significantly higher than telemarketing. Internet is followed by print in precipitating action. Print media seems to influence people towards buying a product due to the informative nature of the medium. Radio is the least persuasive in this regard as radio just provides a recall for the product.Hypothesis 4The level of precipitating action of advertisements varies significantly across the various forms of media, with internet ads having the most precipitating action, followed by print media, television and radio in this order. military posture military position defines the degree to which advertisements are able to throw the beliefs/attitudes of people towards the product or the brand. This would affect the final buying decision of the product or service. The order for this factor ranges from television, print, internet and radio from most effective to least effective in ever-changing attitude.Hypothesis 5The level of attitude of advertisements varies significantly across the various forms of media, with television ads being the mos t attitudes changing, followed by print media, internet and radio in this order. pastimeAccording to the information gathered about entertainment, television ads come out to be the most effective, followed by radio, print and internet. Larkin Television tops the list due to the audio visual effects present. This is followed by radio. The print media shows the entertainment factor through its creative designs and catchy print messages. The internet is considered to be a rational medium providing clear information without the frills.Hypothesis 6The level of entertainment of advertisements varies significantly across the various forms of media, with television ads being the most entertaining, followed by radio, print and internet in this order.IrritationAdvertising effectiveness depends on the users receptiveness towards an ad, and on their attitude towards advertising. Non relevant ads on TV, in newspapers and on the radio are perceived as inevitable by consumers on the Internet, they are considered to be a nuisance. Television and radio ads are considered pestilential due to the disturbance they cause during normal TV or radio screening. Print media ads are considered least irritating as they do not hinder normal operation of a newspaper or a magazine.Hypothesis 7The level of irritation of advertisements varies significantly across the various forms of media, with internet ads being the most irritating, followed by television, radio and print media in this order. asynclitismAnother important factor to calculate effectiveness of a medium is to measure the credibility of the medium. According to our research about the subject Larkin, television ads seem to be to the most deceiving because of the lower airing time, hence the effect could be deceptive and important facts about the product are left out. This is followed by radio and print, with internet being the least deceptive due to the depth of information present on the internet.Hypothesis 8The level of decep tiveness of advertisements varies significantly across the various forms of media, with television ads being the most deceiving, followed by radio, print media, and internet in this order.Overall scholarshipThe boilers suit perception of advertising media effectiveness has been taken to get an overall picture of the effectiveness.Hypothesis 9On general/overall perception of the customer, television is the most effective, followed by print media, radio and internet in this order.METHODOLOGY graduated table DevelopmentThe scale items were adopted from Ducoffe 1996 and Leong et al 1998. A total of 17 statements were used for the proposed scale. A 5-interval scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree was used to measure the response to each item. The respondents were disposed special instructions to not get biased towards a particular advertisement, brand or a product, rather evaluate each media as a whole.The internal reliability score was measured using Cronbachs of im port. The coefficient alpha reliability indicates that the items in each scale are significantly high above 0.7, except for Deceptiveness and Irritation. though the value of alpha is not significantly low, this lower value is approximately equal to 0.6 which is close to the congenial value.The instrument thus used was a 17-item scale, with eight underlying factors to wit informativeness, attention, emotion, precipitating action, attitude, entertainment, irritation and deceptiveness. The results were analysed by comparison of the means using the One Way Anova and Tukey b Test, was applied to see the difference mingled with the effectiveness of different media on the basis of the eight parameters listed above. This was followed by Terpstra Jonckheere Test to confirm our order of alternatives.The scale items are listed below- hedge 1 Scale ItemsRespondentsOur survey was taken by 106 respondents in the age group of 18-30 years. Considering the kind of research we were conducting, on ly those people who had been exposed to all the four media viz. TV, Radio, Print and Internet were chosen to take our survey. Respondents were also asked to rank various media in terms of effectiveness with 1 assigned to the most effective medium and 4 to the least.RESULTSResult 1 InformativenessThe level of informativeness varies significantly across different media, with respondents rating radio as the least informative. Though respondents consider internet most informative, followed by print and television, the tests display that the difference between this three different media is not significant enough to be considered. This is lucid with our hypothesis.Result 2 AttentionThe level of attention varies significantly across various media with respondents rating radio to have the least level of attention. Though respondents consider television the most attention catching, followed by print and internet, the tests reveal that the difference is not significant in the case of intern et and print media, thus might not be considered. This result is slightly different than our hypothesis, tally to which internet had the least level of attention. The reason for such a difference could be the difference in times from when the article was scripted and when the survey was taken.Table 2 Reactions to Advertising on Various Media Measurement ModelMeansScaleRelia-bilitySigni-ficanceLevelTVRadioPrintInternetInformativeness3.5123.0313.7423.7460.6980.000Ads provide relevant product information.3.7173.1604.1233.840Ads are sources of up-to-date product info.4.0383.4253.9344.105Ads supply complete product information.2.7832.5093.1703.330Attention4.3442.9863.6423.5240.7680.000Ads are attractive/eye-catching.4.4342.6983.7453.651Ads are effective in producing engaging messages4.2553.2743.5383.396Emotions3.7782.8352.9012.6510.5430.000Ads give details about the product, but do not stimulate emotions* (Negative Question)2.2643.0473.1893.359I am touched by ads.3.8212.7172.9912.660P recipitating Action3.9532.6983.7553.2550.7370.000I have thought of buying an advertise product after watching the ad.3.9532.6983.7553.255 mental attitude4.1183.3403.7173.4810.7370.000Ads help people change their attitude towards the brand/company.4.1703.3493.8213.547Ads help people change their beliefs related to the product.4.0663.3303.6133.415Entertainment4.3353.1513.3403.2880.7620.000Ads are enjoyable4.2453.2553.3303.179Ads are exciting4.4253.0473.3493.396Irritation2.8712.9882.5223.0060.5730.000Ads insult peoples scholarship2.7552.6232.4722.566Ads are annoying3.0763.5282.5853.585Ads are confusing2.7832.8112.5092.868Deceptiveness3.6983.5903.3493.5900.5610.010Ads lie3.6603.4063.3303.613 big facts about the products are left out of the ads3.7363.7743.3683.566Mean responses to the item, n=106 (1 = strongly Disagree, 5 = Strongly Agree)* meaningful at 5% level of logical implication** Cronbachs Alpha Reliability Test was usedTable 3 Terpstra Jonckheere Test for ordered Alternati ves HYPOTHESIS TESTINGPARAMETERSHYPOTHESISRank of different Mediafrom highest to lowestT-J Statistic*Sig.1InformativenessInternet Print TV Radio7.2690.0002EntertainmentTV Radio Print Internet7.2540.0003IrritationInternet TV Radio Print4.0430.0004DeceptivenessTV Radio Print Internet1.7680.0775AttentionTV Radio Print Internet4.4950.0006EmotionsTV Radio Print Internet8.3400.0007Precipitating ActionInternet Print TV Radio3.1610.0028AttitudeTV Print Internet Radio7.5360.000FINDINGS TESTINGPARAMETERSFINDINGSRank of different Mediafrom highest to lowestT-J Statistic*Sig.1InformativenessInternet Print TV Radio7.2690.0002EntertainmentTV Print Internet Radio8.9630.0003IrritationInternet Radio TV Print4.8890.0004DeceptivenessTV Internet Radio Print3.0490.0005AttentionTV Print Internet Radio10.3860.0006EmotionsTV Print Radio Internet8.5950.0007Precipitating ActionTV Print Internet Radio9.6970.0008AttitudeTV Print Internet Radio7.5360.000* Significant at 5% level of significanceAfter having perf ormed Tukey-Bs test to accommodate which particular medium differs significantly from others, Terpstra Jonckheere Test for ordered Alternatives was performed tovalidate the prescribed order of mediums as suggested by the hypothesis and key findings.These results were in conformance with those obtained by the Tukey B test.Result 3 EmotionsThe level of emotion varies significantly across the different media, with respondents rating television to have the greatest level of emotion. This was followed by radio and print in the same order, although the tests revealed that this difference is not significant enough to be considered. Internet was considered to have the least emotion. Our hypothesis is sooner similar to the result, with only difference between radio and print. This could be due to the latest trend of social messages in print advertisements.Result 4 Precipitating ActionThe level of precipitating action varies significantly across the different media with respondents rating radio to have the least level of precipitating action followed by internet. Though respondents consider television to have the most precipitating action, followed by print media, the tests reveal that this difference is not significant enough to be considered. This result is significantly different than our hypothesis agree to which internet has the most precipitating action, followed by print, television and radio. This could be due to the increasing popularity of telemarketing in the current times.Result 5 AttitudeThe level of attitude varies significantly across the different media with respondents rating radio to have the least level of attitude and television to have the most. Though respondents consider internet and print to follow television, the tests reveal that this difference between internet and print is not significant enough to be considered. This is similar to our hypothesis.Result 6 EntertainmentThe level of entertainment varies significantly across the different me dia, with respondents rating television as the most entertaining. This was followed by internet and print, although the tests reveal that this difference is not significant enough to be considered. Radio was found to be least entertaining The only difference in the result from the hypothesis is the position of radio which according to the hypothesis is the second most entertaining after television. This change could be attributed again to the changing times, where radio advertising has taken a back seat in comparison to the print and internet media.Result 7 IrritationThe level of irritation varies significantly across the different media, with respondents rating print as the least irritating. Though respondents consider internet most irritating, followed by radio and television, the tests reveal that this difference is not significant enough to be considered. The hypothesis also yields the same result.Results 8 DeceptivenessThe level of deceptiveness varies significantly across vari ous media, with respondents rating print as the least deceptive, but the tests reveal that the difference in print, internet and radio are not significant enough to be considered. Though respondents consider television most deceptive, followed by internet and radio, the tests reveal that this difference is not significant enough to be considered. The hypothesis is same for the most deceptive media, but according to the hypothesis, internet is least deceptive.Result 9 Overall PerceptionTable 4 Mean rankings of various mediaMediaMean RankingsTelevision1.3208Print2.4906Internet2.8113Radio